T O L 



T O U 



into four-feet wide beds ; drawing the earth off 

 the surface evenly') about an inch deep, into the 

 alleys ; then sowing the seeds thinly, touching 

 ihem lightly down into the earth with the back 

 of the spade, directly earthing them over to the 

 above depth. 



When they come up in the spring, the beds 

 should be kept clean from weeds, giving mo- 

 derate waterings ia dry weather, to forward the 

 plants in growth as much as possible, in order 

 to be fit for planting out in nursery-rows by au- 

 tumn or spring following; though, if they have 

 shot rather weakly, they should stand another 

 year, then be planted out in rows two feet and 

 a half asunder, by eighteen inches distance in 

 the lines, to remain three or four years or more 

 to acquire a proper size for the purposes intend- 

 ed, trimming off the large side-branches from 

 the lower part of the stem occasionally, to en- 

 courage their aspiring more expeditiously at top, 

 which should be suffered to remain entire : these 

 trees, when raised from seed, generally assume 

 a more handsome and expeditious growth than 

 such as are raised from layers and cuttings. 

 When they are from about five or six to eight 

 or ten feet high, they are of proper size for final 

 planting out ; though, when designed as forest- 

 trees for timber, it is advisable to plant them 

 finally while they are young, as not more than 

 from three or four to five or six feet high. 



They are all raised readily by the layer method ; 

 and for this purpose proper stools must be prepa- 

 red, and the young shoots of a year or two old are 

 the proper parts for being laid down, which 

 should be performed in autumn or winter, by 

 slit-laying, shortening the tops of each layer 

 within a little of the ground : they are mostly 

 rooted by autumn following, and fit to plant 

 out in nursery-rows, being then managed as the 

 seedlings. 



When cuttings are employed, the strong young 

 shoots of the year should be chosen in autumn or 

 spring, and planted in a moist good soil ; or any 

 scarce sorts may be planted several together in 

 pots, and plunged in a hot-bed, as they more 

 readily strike root in that way. 



These two last methods are the proper ones 

 for raising the varieties with certainty. 



These trees afford ornament and variety 

 among other deciduous trees in the shrubbery, 

 plantations, &c. 



TINUS. See Viburnum. 

 TOAD-FLAX. See Antirrhinum. 

 TOBACCO. SeeNiconANA. 

 TOLUIFERA, a genus comprising a plant of 

 the exotic tree kind for the stove. 



It belongs to the class and order Decandria 

 1 



Monogynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Terebinlucece. 



The characters are: that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed perianth, bell-shaped, five-toothed, al- 

 most equal, with one angle more remote: the 

 corolla has five petals, inserted into the recepta- 

 cle, of which four are. equal, linear, a little 

 longer than the calyx ; the fifth twice as big, 

 obcordate : claw length of the calyx : the sta- 

 mina have ten filaments, very short : anthers 

 longer than the calyx : the pistillum is an ob- 

 long germ : style none: stigma acute : the pe- 

 ricarpium is a round berry, four-celled, four- 

 seeded: the seed single, ovate. 



The species is T. Balsamum, Balsam of Tolu 

 Tree. 



It is a tree of large size : the bark is very 

 thick, rough, and of a brown colour: the 

 branches spread out wide on every side : the 

 leaves are alternate, oblong-ovate, four inches 

 long, and two inches broad in the middle, 

 rounded at the base, acuminate at the end, 

 smooth, of a light green colour, on very short 

 strong footstalks : the flowers are produced in 

 small axillary racemes or bunches, each on a 

 slender pedicel : the fruit roundish, the size of 

 a large pea, divided into four cells, each con- 

 taining one oblong-ovate seed. It is a native of 

 Spanish America ; and is the tree from which 

 the Balsam of Tolu is made. 



Culture. — This tree is raised from seeds, which 

 should be obtained from its native situation, 

 and be sown as soon as possible afterwards 

 in pots of light earth, plunging them in the 

 bark-bed of the stove. When the plants have 

 three or four inches growth, they should be 

 potted off separately, giving them water, and 

 replunging them in' the bed. They afterwards 

 only require to be managed as other woody stove 

 plants. 



They afford variety in stove collections. 

 TOOTHACH TREE. See Zanthoxylum. 

 TORCH-THISTLE. See Cactus. 

 TOUCH-ME-NOT. See Impatiens and 



MOMOKDICA. 



TOURNEFORTIA, a genus containing plants 

 of the shrubby exotic kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Penlandria 

 Mo?wgynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Asperifulice. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a five- 

 parted perianth, small: segments awl-shaped, 

 permanent : the corolla one-petalled, funnel- 

 form: tube cylindrical, globular at the base: 

 border half-five-cleft, spreading: segments acu- 

 minate, horizontal, gibbous in the middle : the 

 stamina have five filaments, awl-shaped, at the 



