T R A 



T R A 



abounding with a sweet milky juice, which soon 

 turns to a brown resin, from the evaporation of 

 its watery particles : the herb. smooth, glaucous, 

 about four feet higli : the stem round, erect, 

 branching, leafy: the leaves lanceolate, scarcely 

 wared] ending in a tapering straigbtish point: the 

 flowers solitary, terminating: the stalk which 

 supports them tapering from the calyx down- 

 wards ; of a purple colour. 



It is cultivated in gardens under the name of 

 Salsafy. The roots boiled or stewed have a 

 mild sweetish flavour. The stalks are also cut 

 in the spring, when they are Jour or five inches 

 high, and dressed like Asparagus. 



The second species has a biennial root, fusi- 

 form or fleshy tapering, abounding with milk, 

 which is sw cet not acrid : the w hole herb smooth 

 and very even: the stems several, branched, 

 eighteen inches or two feet high, leafy, round, 

 often tinged with purple: the branches elongated 

 into a simple naked peduncle : the leaves alter- 

 nate, sessile, some radical, others embracing 

 the stem and branches, all broad and somewhat 

 inflated at the base, but terminating in a long 

 narrow point, which is flaccid or apt to hang 

 down; very generally the margin towards the 

 bottom is more or less waved or curled : the pe- 

 duncles terminating, solitary, one-flowered, not 

 swelling out at top, but of an equal thickness 

 throughout : the flowers large and handsome, 

 opening at day break, and closing before noon. 

 It is a native of Europe and Siberia, flowering in 

 June. 



The third resembles the first, but is scarcely a 

 foot high: the leaves arevillose at the base, but 

 become smooth by age: the flower- violet, of 

 two rows only, but in the middle rather yellow. 

 It is a native of Italy and the South of France, 

 and is biennial. 



The fourth species has a perennial, thick and 

 succulent root: the stems about a foot high, 



■i times less : the leaves large, thick, villose, 

 toothed and sinuated ; the upper ones often en- 

 tire: from the centre of the root-leaves, which 

 spread in a tose, rises a naked thick flower-stalk, 

 villose and thicker in the upper part, where it 

 terminates in a very large flower of a pale yel- 

 low or sulphur colour. It is a native of Spam, 

 and the South of France, Sec. flowering from 

 June to October. 



Culture. — The first sort is only raised from 



■ i, which should be sown in the spring, in 

 an open situation to remain, either broaclcast 

 and raked in, or in shallow di I or nine 



inches asunder, scattering the seeds thinly, and 

 covering them half an inch deep; and when the 

 plants are come up two or three inches in height, 

 they should be thinned and weeded bv hand or 



the hoe, leaving them eight or U D inches .min- 

 der, repeating the weeding as required dui 

 the summer, which is all the culture they re- 

 quire, and they will have large roots by the 

 autumn, as September or October, when tl 

 may be begun taking up for use; and in No- 

 vember, when the leave- p a 



quantity he preserved in sand tor use in mi, 

 severe rrost, when those in the ground can 

 ot up. 



In spring, when those remaining in the 

 ground begin to shoot, the -hoots, when a lew 

 inches high, may be cut for use, which, »• | 

 quite young and tender, on being boiled, 

 excellent eating. A few plants should be suf- 

 fered to run up to stalk every spring, to produce 

 seeds. 



The two following sorts may also be r. ' 

 from seed in the same way, and the plant-, 

 w In n a little advanced in growth, be planted out 

 if they are required fir variety in any particular 

 part. 



The third sort may also be propagated by 

 parting the roots in autumn and spring, anil 

 planting them where they are to remain. 



The first is a culinary plant, and the others 

 afford variety in the borders, Sec. 



TRAINED TREES, such young fruit-trees 

 as are designed for walls and espaliers, being 

 trained in the nursery lo the intended form, by 

 planting against any kind of walls, pales, rted- 

 hedge, or other close fence; when a year old 

 from the grafting or budding, training them in 

 the manner of wall or espalier trees, for two, 

 three, or more years, till they obtain a good 

 spread of branches, and aie arrived to a fruitful 

 stale, in Order that those who are in ha<lc to 

 have their walls or espaliers covered at once with 

 bearing trees, may have u accomplished in one 



ill. I he tree.- thus trainee! in I rv, 



Sec. on being planted out in autumn or spring 

 to the places intended, cover the wall or espalier 



in - i manner at once, and often bear fruit the 



ensuing summer. 



In the nurseries !..> 

 of trees are always kept ready trained lor sale, 

 particularly peaches, nectarines, andaprii 

 walls ; in many place s. also, cherries and pluu 

 &1C, al-o apples, pen-, and other 



proper to furnish t 1 

 and espalier* of new gardens, and occasionally 

 those "I "id on. ,,, to I, e,,r fruit, till j 

 trees, planted untrained, become fruitful, or I 

 supplying the of old trees that fail, or 



bear bad fruit. 



V. n it i- in tied fruit-i 



for luantUy ol the I 



voun : pi. nits ot th . ii .mi) 



