ULM 



U L M 



The second species is much lower than the 

 common sort, with decumbent brandies: the 

 spines horizontal or partly deflexed : the bractcs 

 very small, brown, often scarcely apparent, 

 pressed close to the calyx : the calyx more silky 

 and less tomentose, with the teeth very con- 

 spicuous, deeply cut and distant: corolla little 

 longer than the calyx, oi" a less (laming colour; 

 legume rough-haired. It is found with the 

 other chieily on dry elevated heaths, but by no 

 means so general ; flowering irom August to 

 October. 



The third has a woody and hard stem, covered 

 with a greenish bark when young, but after- 

 wards becomes grayish : the branches slender 

 and woody. It has not produced any flowers in 

 this climate. It is a native of the Cape, where 

 it usually grows to the height of five or six feet. 

 Culture. — These plants maybe increased from 

 seeds. These in the first sort should be sown 

 in the autumn or spring, in any light mould, 

 where the plants are to remain. They are like- 

 wise sometimes sown in drills in nursery- 

 beds, to be transplanted afterwards while very 

 young; but the first is the -better practice, 

 as they do not remove well. Hedges of this 

 plant are best raised by sowing them in drills an 

 inch deep where they are to remain. 



In the second and third sorts the seed should 

 be obtained from abroad, and be sown in pots 

 of fine mould, plunging them in the hot-bed ; 

 when the plants are up a few inches in height, 

 they should be removed into separate small pots, 

 being afterwards managed as other shrubs of the 

 green-house kind. 



The last sort is difficult to raise, either by 

 layers or cuttings. 



The first sort and varieties afford ornament in 

 shrubberies, and the two latter among potted 

 plants of the green -house kind. 



fU'LMUS, a genus containing plants of the 

 deciduous timber-tree kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Pentandria 

 Digynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Scalridce. 



The characters are : that the calvx is a one- 

 leafed perianth, turbinate, wrinkled : border 

 five-cleft, erect, coloured within, permanent: 

 there is no corolla : the stamina have five fila- 

 ments, (sometimes four or eight,) awl-shaped, 

 twice as long as the calyx : anthers four-groov- 

 ed, erect, short: the pistilluni is an orbicular 

 germ, ciect: styles two; shorter than the sta- 

 mens, reflexed : stigmas pubescent: the peri- 

 carpiuni is an oval berry, laige, juiceless, com- 

 pressed, membrannceous-winged, one-celled: 

 the seed one, roundish, slightly compressed. 

 The species ate: l. U. eampestris, Common 



Elm; 2. U. sulerosa, Dutch Elm; 3. U. ?non- 

 tana, Broad-leaded Elm, or Wych-Hasel ; 4. /"'". 

 Americana, American Elm; '5. U. nemoralis, 

 Hornbeam-leaved Elm,- 6. U. pumilu, Dwarf 

 Elm. 



The first is a great, high tree. The bark of 

 the young trees and the "boughs of the older 

 trees are smooth and very tough, and will strip 

 or peel from the wood a great length without 

 breaking : the bark of the body of the old tree, 

 as the trees grow in bigness, tears or rends, 

 which makes it very rough. The innermost 

 wood is of a reddish yellow, or brownish colour, 

 and curled ; and after it is dry, very tough and 

 hard to cleave. The wood next the' bark or sap 

 is white. Before the leaves come forth, the 

 flowers appear, about the end of March, grow- 

 ing on the twigs or branches, closely compacted 

 or thrust together, of a red colour ; after which 

 come flat seeds, more long than broad, foi the 

 most part falling away before, or shortly after 

 the leaves spring forth, but some hang on a great 

 part of the summer : the leaves dark green, the 

 middle-sized ones two inches broad and three 

 inches long, rough or harsh on both sides, in- 

 dented about the edges, and many times crum- 

 pled, having a nerve in the middle, and many 

 smaller nerves growing from it, on one side 

 always longer than on the other. It is a native 

 of Europe and Barbary. 



There is a variety called the Narrow-leaved 

 Elm, which is like the other, but much less 

 and lower : the leaves are usually about two 

 inches and a half long, and an inch or an inch 

 and quarter broad ; indented about the edges, 

 and having one side longer than the other, and 

 being harsh on both sides like the other. It is 

 called in the nurseries, the English Elm. It is 

 stated by Dr. Smith, as the opinion of Mr. 

 Crowe, that this is the origin of all the culti- 

 vated varieties : and Miller says there are seve- 

 ral other varieties, but not w : orth noticing ; 

 among these is that with variegated or blotched 

 leaves Gilpin also makes mention of the Weep- 

 ing Elm. 



The second species is chiefly remarkable for 

 its quick growth, and fungous rough bark : the 

 leaves are very large, and harsh on both sides, 

 not so unequal at the base as the others: the 

 flowers, according to Schkuhr and Willdenow, 

 have only four stamens. It is a native of Eu- 

 rope, and is often called the Cork-barked or 

 the Dutch Elm, as it was introduced from Hol- 

 land at the beginning of king William's reignl 

 the wood is of very inferior quality. 



The third has the bark of the branchlets 

 smooth and even : the leaves are wider than in 

 the preceding, less harsh, and acuminate : the 



