V I c 



V I N 



October to March, or later. The small sorts 

 are mostly used for the earliest crops, and the 

 first two or three of the above sorts are the most 

 proper for the purpose; but the Mazagan kind is 

 the earliest of all, and most proper to plant for 

 the first crop, and the Portugal and Small Spanish 

 Bean next, all of which should be planted early 

 on warm south borders, or other sheltered sunny 

 exposures, under or near walls, pales, or hedges, 

 or other warm defended quarters, every month 

 from October till the beginning of February; in. 

 order that if the first planting should fail by in- 

 clement weather in winter, the others may suc- 

 ceed ; and if all the crops should survive the 

 frost, they will succeed one another regularly in 

 bearing. The planting should be performed in 

 rows, ranging south and north, two feet and a 

 half asunder, an inch and half deep, and two or 

 three inches apart in each row. Thev may also 

 be planted in one row length-ways close along 

 under a south wall, 8cc. 



The Dwarf Bean is not proper to be planted 

 for any general crop, only a few for variety; and 

 for which purpose it may be put in in autumn 

 or winter, or in any of the spring or summer 

 months till June or July, in rows two feet 

 asunder, or in patches about the borders. 



Of the middle-sized sorts, the Long-pods, 

 Broad-Spanish, and White-blossomed Bean are 

 the best for general culture ; though some of all 

 the others may be planted occasionally ; and the 

 season for these sorts being put in, is for the 

 first crop in November or December, on a broad 

 warm border, or in any cf the most sheltered 

 kitchen-garden quarters, in rows two feet and 

 half or a yard asunder, three inches distance in 

 the row, and two or three inches deep ; repeating 

 the planting every month till March, in the open 

 quarters. 



Of the large kind, the Sandwich and Toker 

 kinds, being generally more plentiful bearers, 

 and of somewhat less succulent growth than the 

 Windsor, are rather hardier to resist the frost, 

 and may be planted earlier, as before Christmas, 

 for the first crop ; and any time after, till May, 

 if required; and of the Windsor, a small or 

 moderate crop may be planted in December, in 

 open mild weather, and a dry soil ; in a larger 

 supply in January ; and a first full crop in Fe- 

 bruary; and thence in full supplies, of these or 

 any of the other larger sort, every three or four 

 weeks, till ihe end of April, for the main crops ; 

 continuing planting them till the end of May, 

 to have successions as long in the season as pos- 

 sible. These should constantly be planted in 

 open exposures, in rows a yard asunder, or three 

 feet and a half for the large Windsor sort; fouror 

 five inches asunder in each row, and three deep. 



They succeed in any common soil, but where 

 the land is manured for them it is the best. 



The general method of planting them is by 

 the dibble, or in drills; for earlv planting in dry 

 ground, a shallow drill may be first made, then 

 planting the beans in a row along the bottom, 

 allowing from two to four or five inches distance 

 in the row, according to the size or growth of 

 the different varieties, and from one and a half 

 to three inches deep in the small and large beans ; 

 and when the plants are come up about three 

 inches high, they should be landed or earthed 

 up on each side of the row with a drawing hoe, 

 keeping them clear from weeds by occasional 

 hoeing in dry weather; and after having advanced 

 nearly to full growth and in bloom, u is proper 

 to top the plants in general, which throws all 

 the nourishment to the embryo pods, and 

 greatly promotes their setting, and forwards their 

 growth; and in the latter crops prevents their 

 being so much annoyed with the small black fly. 



In gathering the crops, avoid pulling up the 

 stems, especially when the land is moist. 



VINCA, a genus comprehending plants of the 

 shrubby, evergreen, upright, and trailing kinds. 



It belongs to the class and order Pentandria 

 Monogynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Contortce. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a five- 

 parted perianth, erect, acute, permanent : the 

 corolla one-petalled, salver-shaped: tube longer 

 than the calyx, cylindric below, wider above, 

 marked with five lines, the mouth a pentagon: 

 border horizontal, five-parted : segments fast- 

 ened to the apex of the tube, wider outwards 

 and obliquely truncate : the stamina have five 

 filaments, very short, indexed and retroflexed: 

 anthers membranaceous, obtuse, erect, curved 

 in, fariniferous on both sides at the edge : the 

 pistillum has two roundish germs, with two 

 roundish little bodies lying by their sid<s: style 

 one common to both, cylindric, length of the 

 stamens: stigma capilate, concave, placed on a 

 ilat ring: the pericarpium has two follicles, 

 round, long, acuminate, erect, onc-valved, 

 opening longitudinally: the seeds numerous, 

 oblong, cylindric, grooved, naked. 



The species cultivated are: 1. V. minor, Small 

 Periwinkle; 2. V. major, Great Periwinkle; 3. 

 V. rosea, Madagascar Peiiwinkle. 



The first has a perennial creeping root, with 

 branched fibres : the whole plant smooth and 

 shining: the stems round, slender, leafy, erect 

 when in flower, from nine inches to a foot in 

 height, and much higher when supported by 

 bushes, marked on each side with a groove 

 faintly impressed; after flowering, prostrate, 

 elongated, taking root at their joints. Accord- 



