\V A L 



W A L 



the fuel ; of course tin y should not be narrower 

 than eight feet in the clear. \\ here the length 

 of walliug requires two ovenSj they in:iy he in 

 the middle, being included iu one shed, which 

 will save expense, and allow more room to at- 

 tend the fires ; as in this case the sheds niusl be 

 at least ten feet lonsr, hut not more than six in 

 breadth ; the steps down being at one end. 



In regard to the lower flue through which the 

 smoke first passes from the Gre, it may be twp 

 feet and a half deep ; of course the hack wall 

 should be at least (wo bricks and a half thick, 

 a^ high as to the top ol this flue; and then it 

 may lx' set off to two bricks, u Inch must be 

 continued to .trie .lop of the wr.il. The s coud 

 flue, which should return over the first, may be 

 made two feet, the third a foot and a half, and 

 the fourth one foot deep ; which lour iiue.-., with 

 their coverings, will rise near eight feet in height, 

 so that there will be about two Feel left for fixing 

 of the frames at the top to support the glasses, 

 and for the coping of the wall : these four re- 

 turn* will be sufficient to warm the air in the 

 frames. But in the carrying up these walls, 

 some strong iron hooks should be well fastened 

 at convenient distances projecting about two 

 inches from the wall, to which the trellis must be 

 fastened which is to support the trees. The 

 flues must be well pargeted with loam on their 

 inside, and loam be spread under the tiles which 

 cover them, to the thickness of the hooks, that 

 the flues may be very smooth. At each end of these 

 flues small arches should he turned in the back 

 walls, in such a manner that there may be holes 

 opening to clean the flues of soot whenever there 

 is a necessity for it. With respect to the bor- 

 ders in front of these walls, they should be 

 about four feet wide, which will make a suf- 

 ficient declivity for the sloping glasses ; and on 

 the outside of them should be low walls, rising 

 four or six inches above the level of the borders, 

 upon which the plate of timber must be laid, on 

 which the sloping glasses are to rest. The 

 - must be divided into two ranges, being 

 contrived in such a maimer, as that the upper 

 row may slide down, and be fastened at suitable 

 distances, but the lower may be either fixed or 

 moveable; and the sloping timbers which sup- 

 port the glass frames, must be fastened at bot- 

 tom into the ground-plate in the front of the 

 border, and at the top into strong iron cramps, 

 fixed in the upper part of the will for the pur- 

 pose. They are best made of fir, which docs 

 not twist, as oak and some other wood, where 

 it is laid in such position; and on the top should 

 be fixed, in a close manner, a strong hoard, un- 

 der which the upper row of glasses should glide, 

 in order to secure the upper part of the glasses 



from being raised by the winds, and keep the 



wet from the trees. It m iv project on to the 



s about two inches. The width of the 



names may be about line feet, or according to 



the extent of the wall, the bars being placed 



I them. See 1 Iot-WalL, 



WALL TREES, such fruit- ti es as are 

 planted against walls, and have ihejr branches 

 trained 10 them in a fanned regular manner, 

 from three or four to live or six inches asunder, 

 in order to produce their fruits in a superior de- 

 gree of perfection. They are trees of the nunc 

 tender kinds, or such as will not ripen iluir 

 fruits in this climate, unless trained a. 

 walls of a southerly aspect, to have the advan- 

 of the full sun; and several sorts of the 

 hardier kinds, to obtain their fruits in earlier nn- 

 turity, and of an improved growth and flavour. 

 The trees must be trained to south walls for the 

 principal sorts of the more delicate or tenderer 

 kinds, such as peaches, nectarines, apricots, 

 grapes, figs, &c, to have the benefit of the full 

 sun, as they do not ripen in good perfection 

 without this assistance. Some of the best va- 

 rieties of the principal sorts of the hardier fruit- 

 trees, as the most esteemed cherries, plums, and 

 pears, should be also trained to these walls to 

 produce early fruit in the greatest perfection ; 

 also some trees of the choicer sorts of summer 

 and autumn apples, to have the fruit earlier, 

 and of an improved rich flavour for immediate 

 eating; likewise some of the best red and white 

 currants and gooseberries: and on west and 

 east walls to have trees of most of these sorts, to 

 ripen in good perfection, in succession to those 

 on the south walls, especially cherries, plums, 

 and pears, and occasionally some common 

 peaches, nectarines, and apricots; but vines and 

 figs generally on south walls, especially vines, 

 which require all possible benefit of the full sun 

 to ripen the grapes in proper season, and with a 

 rich flavour: the north walls are eligible for an v 

 of the common hardier summer and autumn 

 fruits, as cherries, particularly morcllos, plums, 

 and pears, for late ripening, to succeed those of 

 the more sunny exposures, and to continue a 

 longer succession of particular sorts, which ripen 

 for immediate eating from the trees; also white 

 and red currants fur successional ripening in the 

 autumn. Tree-, of this sort may be considered 

 as of two orders ; common dwarf u all-trees and 

 half-standard wall-trees. See, Staxdaud Thicks 

 and Tb AiNicn TREES. 



The proper season for planting wall-trees is 

 either in autumn, as in October, November, 

 £cc, or in spring, as Fcbru March, or 



not later than thtTbeginuinjj of April, hull 

 that time, if possible ; as late spring-plan 



