48 LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



as lines is determined upon (Fig. 10). Of course 

 this is all done in rough preliminary sketches, onlj^ 

 sufficiently accurate to convey the idea. 



This does not mean that there should be a care- 

 less and unstudied use of line in informal de- 

 sign. On the contrary, it is often more difficult 

 to design satisfactory lines of this type. Free- 

 dom in appearance is not always the result of 

 spontaneity. 



Briefly, the major differences may be thus 

 summed up: in the informal school line is deter- 

 mined by the mass, and in the formal school it is 

 the mass which is determined by the line. 



The Japanese school of landscape is often dif- 

 ferentiated from the formal and informal tj^Des. 

 It will be found, nevertheless, upon analysis, to 

 be merely a strictly informal type used upon such 

 a small scale as to give the appearance of formal- 

 ity. It is a design of irregularity, but very highly 

 conventionalized (Fig. 11). 



The popular opinion of a Japanese garden 

 seems to imply the presence of a stone lantern or 

 two, a few irises, a straggly wisteria, and enough 

 water to "explain" the presence of an unstable 

 bridge; also the idea seems to prevail that these 

 need not be at all in harmonv with their surround- 



