APP 



57 



APR 



close as poi5sibIe. And in winter, if middle of the head, and all dead wood 

 any worn out or decayed parts appear, ' and suckers from the stem and root. 



then is the time to retrench them, re- 

 taining young brandies in their places, \ 

 and if any vacancy occurs, retain some j 

 contiguous young shoot to fill it. Cut ; 

 clean out close to the branches, still i 

 continuing all the branches, and any 

 occasional supply of shoots, at full ! 

 length, as far as their limited bounds 

 will allow; then train the whole regu- | 

 larly, tying them in as straight and 



Some persons, however, prefer more 

 pruning, and Mr. Clarke, gardener to 

 the Earl of Lonsdale, says, " My sea- 

 son for pruning commences as soon as 

 the fruit is taken ofl' the trees, and con- 

 tinues to the middle of March ; during 

 that time cut out all the ill-placed 

 shoots, such as incline to grow towards 

 the centre, or into each other, and 

 leave untouched all those that stand in 



close to the railing as possible, about such a way that the tree will form a cup, 

 six inches asunder. or something like a well blown tulip, 



Standards, or Orchard Trees. — The all the branches standing perfectly clear 

 standards having been trained in the i of each other, so that they will bear 

 nursery with tolerably good heads, they | fruit on the inside, the sun and air get- 

 should be planted with those heads en- t ting to all parts of the tree alike. Keep 

 tire ; if any are intended for the kitchen j fruit trees as low as possible ; this may 

 garden, plant them at least forty feet be done by removing a limb when it is 

 distance; and, for a full plantation, to " 

 form an orchard, allow thirty feet dis- j 

 tance every way. 



Trim any broken roots, but leave all 

 the others entire. 



As soon as planted, let every one be 

 well staked, to support them firmly up- 



likely to get over tall, leaving a younj: 

 shoot at a proper place to succeed it. 

 The apple is in America a hardy robust 

 tree, and succeeds admirably through- 

 out the middle and western states, 

 though it were desirable it should re- 

 ceive more attention than is frequently 

 right, and prevent their being disturbed I bestowed on it. Its principal enemy is 



in rooting by winds. 



Smaller growing standards, such as 

 codlins and dwarfs upon paradise stocks, 

 may, if required, be planted only at 

 twenty feet distance, though, if there 

 is room to allow a greater distance, it 

 will be the greater advantage. 



Let them also, in future, advance with 

 all their branches at full length, taking 

 their own natural growth, and they 

 will soon form numerous natural spurs 

 in every part for bearing. 



With respect to pruning these stand- 

 ards very little is required, probably 

 not more than once in several years, 

 and then only the retrenching any very 

 irregular cross-placed bough, or reduc- 

 ing to order any very long rambler; or 

 when the head is become greatly crowd- 

 ed and confused, to thin out some of 

 the most irregular growth, likewise all 

 strong shoots growing upright in the 



the " Borer," {Saperda bivittata), which 

 deposits Its eggs in the body of the tree 

 near the ground. The insects perforate 

 the wood, causing disease, and if un- 

 disturbed ultimately death. The reme- 

 dy is the frequent use of pliant wire 

 thrust into the wound, so as to pierce 

 the grub ; a mound of ashes around the 

 trunk is beneficial — alkali being ex- 

 tremely offensive to insects. 



For full directions as to the manage- 

 ment of apple trees see the " Fruit Cul- 

 ttirist,'''' by Thomas. " Fruits of Ame- 

 rica," by Downing. *' Kenrick's Or- 

 chardist." 



Al'PLE-BARK BEETLE. Bostri- 

 chiis. 



APRICOT, (Armeniaca vulgaris.) 



Varieties. — The following list is from 

 the catalogue of D. Landreth and Ful- 

 ton, Philadelphia: — 



