AVE 



74 



AZ A 



fferred to most other trees, because it 

 bears cutting, heading, or lopping in 

 any manner. The rough Dutch elm is 

 approved by some because of its quick 

 growth, and it is a tree that will not 

 only bear removing very well, but that 

 is green in the spring almost as soon as 

 any plant whatever, and continues so 

 equally long. It makes an incompara- 

 ble hedge, and is preferable to all other 

 trees for lofty espaliers. The lime is 

 very useful on account of its regular 

 ffrowth and fine shade, and the horse- 

 chestnut is proper for such places as are 

 not too much exposed to rough winds. 

 The common chestnut does very well in 

 a good soil, or on warm gravels, as it 

 rises to a considerable height, when 

 planted somewhat close; but when it 

 stands singly it is rather inclined to 

 spread than grow tall. The beech na- 

 turally grows well with us in its wild 

 state, but it is less to be chosen for ave- 

 nues than others, because it does not 

 bear transplanting well. The abele may 

 also be employed for this use, as it is 

 adapted to almost any soil, and is the 

 quickest grower of any forest tree. It 

 seldom fails in transplanting, and suc- 

 ceeds very well in wet soils, in which 

 the others are apt to suffer. The oak 

 is but seldom used for avenues, because 

 of its slow growth ; it would, however, 

 compensate by its permanence and 

 beauty. The sugar maple, tulip poplar, 

 oriental and native buttonwood are all 

 well adapted to the purpose. 



AVERRHOA. Two species. Stove 

 CTcrgreen shrubs. Cuttings. Sandy 

 loam. 



AVERUNCATOR, or pole pruning 

 shears. The Averuncator, attached to 

 a pole, operates by means of a lever 

 moved by a cord and pulley ; its use is 

 to prune from the ground trees whose 

 branches are beyond reach. Branches 

 of one inch and a half in diameter may 

 be easily cut off with this instrument. 

 Averuncators of small size, arc also very 

 useful in cutting off from shade and 

 fruit trees small branches to which in- 

 sects have attached themselves: they 

 are also used for gathering fine fruits, 

 which when cut fall into a basket, to be 

 attached to the instrument when used 

 for this purpose. 



Fig. 20 is a very effective instrument 

 of a similar kind, and has the advantage 

 of a sliding cut, which lessens the labour 

 of pruning, and leaves the branch which 



has been cut as smooth as though a knife 

 had been used ; this instrument is supe- 

 perior to Fig. 19 in this respect, but 

 will not cut a branch of greater diame- 

 ter than one inch. 



Fig. 19. 



AVIARY. This building, devoted 

 to the rearing of birds distinguished for 

 the beauty either of their notes or plum- 

 age, is rarely admitted within a garden, 

 and still more rarely are they sutficient- 

 ly ornamental or sufficiently free from 

 disagreeables to be a source of pleasure. 



AYENIA. Two species. Stove ever- 

 greens. Cuttings. Rich loam. 



AZALEA. Sixty species, and many 

 varieties. The North American are 

 hardy and deciduous, and the Chinese 

 or Indian are green-house evergreens. 

 Cuttings. Sandy peat and loam. 



Mr. James Falconer, of Cheam, gives 

 the following excellent directions for 



