CAM 



118 



CAN 



often declining in production after such 

 lapse of time. 



Cultivation. — They should not be 

 planted nearer to each other than 

 eighteen inches, as that also gives an 

 opportunity to employ the hoe. Water 



house herbaceous perennials. Cuttings 

 or division. Light loam and peat. 



CANDLEBERRY MYRTLE. Myr- 

 tica. 



CANDOLLEA. Four species. Green- 

 house evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. 



must be given moderately at the time of I Loam, peat and sand. 



planting, if dry weather. If raised from 

 seed they recjnire no further cultivation 

 than to be kept free from weeds in the 

 seed-bed ; and when three or four 

 inches high, to be thinned to about six 

 inches apart, and may remain thus until 

 the following spring, then to be thinned 

 and remain, or to be removed to the 

 above-mentioned distance apart. A 



CANDY TUFT. Iheris. 



CANELLA. Two species. Stove 

 evergreen trees. Ripe leafy Cuttings. 

 Loam, peat and sand. 



CANKER. This disease is accompa- 

 nied by different symptoms, according 

 to the species of the tree which it in- 

 fects. In some of those whose true sap 

 contains a considerable quantity of free 



very small bed will supply the largest acid, as in the genus Pyrus, it is rarely 



family 



Gathering 



accompanied by any discharge. To this 

 -In July, the flowers are ' dry form of the disease it would be well 



generally in perfection for gathering ; ^ to confine the term canker, and to give 



the period for performing it, however 

 must be governed by the flowers them- 

 selves, as the best time is when they 

 are just ojiened. Particular care must 

 be taken to dry them thoroughly before 

 they are stored, otherwise they will not 

 keep. Ifseed be required, the only at- 

 tention necessary is to leave some of the 

 first opening flowers ungathered ; the 

 seed will ripen early in September, 

 when it may be dried and rubbed out. 



CAMPANULA. One hundred and 

 thirty-nine species, and many varieties. 

 Chiefly hardy herbaceous perennials; 

 some green-house or hardy annuals, bi- 

 ennials, and evergreen shrubs. 



Dr. Lindley, writing of their propa- 

 gation, says : — '•' Either sow the seeds, 

 or pot cuttings' from the old roots, in 

 leaf mould and sandy peat; as soon 

 as they are strong enough, pot them 

 oif in sixty-sized pots regularly, shift- 

 ing them into larger sizes as the 

 plants require them; when they have 

 gained a little strength, give them a 

 rich loamy soil, well incorporated with 

 a small proportion of bone dust, and at 

 intervals supply them liberally with 

 manure water.'' — Card. Chron. 



CAMPELIA zanonia. Stove herba- 

 ceous perennial. Seeds. Rich soil. 



CAMPHOR TREE. Cinnamomum 

 camphor a. 

 . CAMPION. Cucubatus. 



CAMPYLANTHUS saholoides. 

 Green-house evergreen shrub. Cuttings. 

 Sandy loam and peat. 



CANADA ONION. See Onion. 



CANARINA. Two species. Green- 



it the scientific name of gangra^na sicca. 

 In other trees, whose sap is character- 

 ized by abounding in astringent or mu- 

 cilaginous constituents, it is usually at- 

 tended by a sanious discharge. In such 

 instances it might strictly be designated 

 ulcer, or gangraina saniosa. This dis- 

 ease has a considerable resemblance to 

 the tendency to ossification, which ap- 

 pears in most aged animals, arising from 

 their marked appetency to secrete the 

 calcareous saline compoundsthatchiefly 

 constitute their skeletons. The conse- 

 quence is, an enlargement of the joints, 

 and ossification of the circulatory ves- 

 sels and other parts, phenomena very 

 analogous to those attending the canker- 

 ing of trees. As in animals, this tend- 

 ency is generally throughout their sys- 

 tem, but as is observed by Mr. Knight, 

 " like the mortification in the limbs of 

 elderly people, it may be determined 

 as to its point of attack by the irritabi- 

 lity of that part of the system." 



This disease commences with an en- 

 largement of the vessels of the bark of 

 a branch or of the stem. This swelling 

 invariably attends the disease when it 

 attacks the apple tree. In the pear the 

 enlargement is less, yet it is always 

 present. In the elm and the oak some- 

 times no swelling occurs; and in the 

 peach I do not recollect to have seen 

 any. I have never observed the disease 

 in the cherry-tree, nor in any of the 

 pine tribe. The swelling is soon com- 

 municated to the wood, which if laid 

 open to view on its first appearance by 

 the removal of the bark, exhibits no 

 marks of disease bevond the mere un- 



