CAR 



124 



CAR 



Pepper. Qf this there are three varie- 

 ties: 



1. Cherry-shaped. 



2. Bell-shaped, or Ox-heart. 



3. Yellow-podded. 



C. grossum. — Capsicum, or Bell Pep- 

 per. Of this there are three varieties: — 



1. Old Bell-shaped or Buii^nose. 



2. Sweet or Spanish. 



3. Tomato-shaped. 



So/7 ayid Situation. — The soil best 

 suited for them is a rich moist loam, 

 rather inclining to lightness than te- 

 nacity. 



Time and Mode of Sowing. — They are 

 propagated by seed, which may be sown 

 towards tlie end of March or beginning 

 of April in a hot-bed of moderate size, 

 with the shelter of a frame; or some- 

 what later on an open border, protected 

 from cold winds: when the plants are 

 sufficiently advanced they may be trans- 

 planted to their permanent position in 

 the garden. 



To obtain Seed. — For the production 

 of seed a {)lant bearing some of the for- 

 wardest and finest fruit of each Variety 

 must be preserved, that it may be ripe 

 before the frosts commence, the first of 

 which usually kills the plants. When 

 completely ripe, the pods are cut and 

 hung up in the sun, or in a warm room, 

 until completely dry, in which state 

 they are kept until the seed is wanted 

 for sowing. 



CARAGANA. Fourteen species. 

 Chiefly hardy deciduous shrubs. Grafts, 

 layers or seeds. Sandy open loam. 



CARALLIA lucida. Stove evergreen 

 tree. Cuttings. Sandy peat and loam. 



CARALLUMA. Four species. Stove 

 evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. Loam 

 and brick rubbish. 



CARAPA. Four species. Stove 

 evergreen trees. Cuttings. Loam and 

 sandy peat. 



CARAWAY. Carum Carui. 



CARDAMLNE. Lady's Smock. Ele- 

 ven species. Hardy herbaceous plants. 

 Division. Peat and lonni. 



CARDL\AL FLOWER. Lobelia car- 

 dinnlis. 



CARDOON. {Cynara cardunculus.) 



The stalks of the inner leaves, when j 

 rendered tender by blanching, are used 

 in stews, soups, and salads. 



Soil and Situation. — A light rich soi 

 is most suitable to this vegetable, dur 

 deep and well pulverised. The situa- 

 tion must be open, and free from trees 



Time and Mode of Sowing. — It may 

 be sown at the close of March, but for 

 the main crop not until the early part of 

 April, those plants raised from earlier 

 sowings being apt to run at the close of 

 autumn ; for a late crop, a sowing may 

 be performed in June. The best prac- 

 tice is to sow in patches of three or 

 four rows four feet apart each way, to 

 be thinned finally to one in each place, 

 the weakest being removed. If, how- 

 ever, they are raised in a seed bed, 

 they will be ready for transplanting in 

 about eight or ten weeks from the time 

 of sowing, and must be set at similar 

 distances as are specified above. 



The plants of the first sowing are 

 generally three weeks before they make 

 their appearance; those from the latter 

 ones about two. If after a lapse of 

 these times they do not appear, it 

 should be ascertained if the seed is de- 

 cayed, and in thnt case the sowing re- 

 newed. The seed must be sown rather 

 thin, and covered about half an inch. 

 When about a month old, the seed- 

 lings, when too thick, must be thinned 

 to four inches apart, and those removed 

 may be pricked out at a similar dis- 

 tance. When of the age sufficient for 

 their removal they must be taken up 

 carefully, and the long straggling leaves 

 removed. The bed for their reception 

 must be dug well and laid out in 

 trenches as for celery, or a hollow sunk 

 for each plant ; but as they are liable 

 to suffer from excessive wet, the best 

 mode is to plant on the surface, and 

 form the necessary earthing in the form 

 of a tumulus. Water must be applied 

 abundantly at the time of planting, as 

 well as subsequently, until they are 

 established ; and also in August, if dry 

 weather occurs, regularly every other 

 night, as this is found to prevent their 

 running to seed. The only other ne- 

 cessary point to be attended to is, that 

 they may be kept free from weeds dur- 

 ing every stage of their growth. When 

 advanced to about eighteen inches in 

 height, which according to the time of 

 sowing will be in August, and thence 

 to October, the leaves must be closed 

 together by encircling them with a hay- 

 band, and earth placed round each 

 plant, a dry day being selected for per- 

 forming it. As they continue to grow, 

 fresh bands and earth must be constant- 

 ly appli(;d until they are blanched to 

 the height of two feet, or about two- 



