C H A 



140 



CHE 



the season, never suffering materially 

 by either drought or moisture." 



On spring sown onions and on tur- 

 nips, Mr. Barnes finds charred or car- 

 bonized vegetable refuse equally bene- 

 ficial. Three rows, each 95 feet long, 

 of the white globe onion, manured with 

 bone-dust, weighed 251 lbs.; whilst 

 three similar rows of the same variety, 

 and grown under precisely similar cir- 

 cumstances, but manured with char- 

 rings, weighed 289 lbs. 



CHARD. See Artichoke. 



CHARDOON. See Cardoon. 



CHARi^'.AS graminis. Antler or 

 grass moth, has a yellowish-brov/n 

 head and back — upper wings brownish 

 grey, appears in July and August. Its 

 caterpillar brown or blackish, with five 

 lighter stripes down the back. This 

 lives at the roots of grasses, and eats 

 their young blades. 



CHASMONIA incisa. Hardy annual. 

 Seeds. Common soil. 



CHEILANTHES. Fourteen species. 

 Ferns. Green-house, stove or hardy 

 herbaceous perennials. Division. Peat 

 and loam. 



CHEIMATOBIA brumata. Winter 

 moth. This is the parent of that 

 scourge of fruit trees, the greenlooper 

 caterpillar. It appears in November. 

 One female will lay 200 eggs, deposit- 

 ing them on the bends and bark of the 

 upper branches of the apple and other 

 fruit trees. The caterpillars appear 

 with the bursting of the buds, on the 

 tips of the leaves, petals, and calyxes 

 of which they feed. They form a small 

 web within the blossom, and glue and 

 gnaw its petals so as to destroy it. 

 When the fruit is formed, that becomes 

 their favourite ftiod. They descend 

 and bury themselves in the earth, to 

 assume the chrysalis form about the 



end of May. Frosts in November, ants 

 and birds, are their natural enemies. 

 As the females have no wings, a thick 

 coating of gas-lime sprinkled a foot 

 broad over tiie surface, round the stems 

 of fruit trees at the end of October, and 

 renewed once or twice in November 

 and December, would prevent their 

 ascent ; or a broad band of bird lime 

 might be smeared round the stems 

 themselves. An advantage of espalier 

 and dwarf fruit trees is, that their buds 

 are easily examined for these cater- 

 pillars and other marauders. 



CHEIRANTHUS. Eleven species, 

 and many varieties. Green-house or 

 half-hardy evergreen shrubs. C.fruti- 

 culosus, C. ochroleucus are hardy herba- 

 ceous perennials. Cuttings. Rich com- 

 mon soil. See Wallflower. 



CHEIROSTEMON ■platanoides . 

 Stove evergreen tree. Leafy cuttings. 

 Sandy loam. 



CHELIDONIUM. Two species.— 

 Hardy herbaceous perennials. Di- 

 vision. Common soil. 



CHELONE. Seven species. Hardy 

 herbaceous perennials. Division. Peat 

 and loam. 



CHENOLEA diffma. Green-house 

 evergreen shrub. Cuttings. Light rich 

 soil. 



CHERLERIA sedoides. Hardy herb- 

 aceous perennial. Division. Sandy 

 loam and peat. 



CHERMES. See Psylla. 



CHERRY. (Cera^us.) 



Varieties. — There are eighty in the 

 London Horticultural Society's list, of 

 which some are quite inferior and others 

 scarcely differ except in name. The 

 following we extract from the Cata- 

 logue of D. Landreth & Fulton, Phila- 

 delphia : 



