C L A 



152 



CL A 



to increase their number. The opera- j plants to two feet apart. The sowing 



tion of pruning is performed at any time I must be annual. Seed may be saved 



when it appears to be necessary, always, i by allowing some plants to run up the 



however, taking care to have a sue- ' next spring; they ripen their seed in 



cession of young wood coming in. In September. 



thinning the fruit, particular attention] CLAUSEN Apewiap/ii/Z/a. Stove ever- 



ought to be paid to the state of the tree, green tree. Cuttings. Rich loam, 



for the quantity of fruit must be entirely j CLAVIJA. Two species. Stove 



regulated by the vigour of the tree ; no ; evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. Peat and 



better rule can be laid down than that : loam. 



for governing the operation of thinning. I CLAY is a constituent of all fertile 



If a tree appears debilitated in the soils, though in these it rarely exceeds 

 extreme, it must not be allowed to carry one-sixteenth part, and generally bears 

 any fruit for an entire season. i a much smaller relative proportion to 



One cause of debility is, allowing the ; the other constituents. In its pure 

 fruit to remain long after it is ripe. Of j state it is known as alumina. It is the 

 that required for confectionary purposes best of all additions to light, unretentive 

 a larger quantity may be lett on the soils, for it retains moisture much more 

 trees, but it must always be propor- ' powerfully than any other earth. M. 

 tioned to the capabilities of the tree. j Schubler found, that when silicious sand 



Cleaning the Plants. — The greatest | lost eighty-eight parts of moisture, and 

 attention should be paid to cleanliness ; ; chalky sand seventy-six, stiff clay in the 



the consequences of allowing insects to 

 overrun a collection of plants are fami- 

 liar to every one acquainted with gar- 

 dening. 



" The aphis attacks the tender shoots 



same time lost only thirty-five parts. 

 When clay has to be conveyed in large 

 quantities, and to a distance, it should 

 be dug and laid exposed in rough spits 

 to the air for several days before it is 



and young leaves; the red spider the J carted, and, indeed, so should all earths; 



more advanced foliage; and the coccus 

 hesperidum every part of the plant. 



" Almost every gardener has his pe- 

 culiar nostrum for destroying these ani- 

 mals ; but a good preventive is cleanli- 

 ness in everything about the plants. 



" The coccus may be brushed off, 

 using a brush that is no harder than is 

 just necessary to remove the insect. 



" For the thrips red spider, and aphis, 

 a sponge and clean water will remove 

 them all, if used before the insects have 

 become very numerous. 



" Fumigation should never be re- 

 sorted to except in extreme cases. 



for, as Mr. Ciithbert Johnson states 

 his valuable Farmer^s Encyclopedia, if 

 one hundred cubic yards of chalk, clay, 

 or marl have to be moved, by drying 

 previously they will lose in weight as 

 follows : — 



Chalk . , 20 to 24 tons. 



Clay . , 32 " 42 " 



Marl . . ]8 •' 26 " 



For the improvement of clay lands, 



by rendering their staple less retentive, 



burning some of their own soil is an 



efficient application. One hundred tons 



per acre for this purpose are not too 



many ; for a dressing as a manure, thirty 



" The leaves should also be cleaned tons are a good quantity. Tiie follow 

 with a damp sponge as often as they ing is the mode of burning clay, 

 appear clogged by dust adhering to the ! " Let sods be cut of a convenient 

 resinous exudations on their surface." — size to handle, say a foot wide and 



{Card. Chron. — Gard. Almanack.) 



CLADANTHUS. Two species. 

 Hardy annual and half hardy evergreen 

 shrub. Seeds. Common soil. 



CLARKIA. Three species and va- 

 riety. Hardy annuals. Seeds. Com- 

 mon soil. 



CLARY. (Salvia sclarea.) Its leaves 



eighteen inches in length ; with these 

 form a parallelogram or long square; 

 let the walls be a couple of feet thick, 

 and trampled or beaten firmly together, 

 and raised at least three feet high ; the 

 first heap should be so situated, that the 

 wind may blow against one of its sides; 

 it may be from four to six yards long, 



are sometimes used in soups and medi- I by three yards wide, and an aperture 

 cated wines. A very small number of j within one yard of each end, and others 

 plants are sufficient for a family. Sow j at a distance of about five feet from 

 early in April, or a month earlier in these should be left in the side walls, 

 any light-soiled border. Thin the | when building, for the purpose of form- 



