CLI 



15c 



C L I 



climates, which, as we have already no- 

 ticed, are pretty much the same over 

 the whole earth. But the summer is 

 shorter in the southern hemisphere, be- 

 cause the motion of the earth in her 

 perigee is more rapid. The summer 

 is there also colder, because the 

 greater quantity of ice over the vast 

 extent of sea requires more heat for dis- 

 solving it than can be obtained ; as also 

 because the sunbeams are not reflected 

 in such quantity from the clear surface 

 of the sea water, as to afford the proper 

 degree of heat. It thence happens that 

 in the southern hemisphere the Flora of 

 the pole extends nearer the equator, 

 than in the northern. Under the 53d 

 and 54th degrees of latitude, we meet 

 with plants which correspond with the 

 Arctic Flora. In Magellan's Land, and 

 in Terra del Fuego, Betula antarctica 

 corresponds with Betula nana in Lap- 

 land ; Empctrum rubrum with Empe- 

 trum nigrum — Arnica oporina with Ar- 

 nica montana — Geum Magellanica with 

 Geum rivale in England — Saxifraga 

 Magellanica with Saxifraga rivularis in 

 Finmark. Instead of Andromeda tetra- 

 gona and hypnoides of Lapland, Terra ! 

 del Fucgo produces Andromeda myrsi- ■ 

 nites ; in place of Arbutus alpina and { 

 Uva ursi of the Arctic polar circle,' 

 Terra del Fuego produces Arbutus mu- 

 cronata, microphylla, and pumila. Aria 

 antarctica reminds us of the Ilolcus al- 

 pina of Wahlenburgh ; and Pinguicula 

 antarctica recalls to our recollection 

 Pinguicula alpina. We must recollect, 

 however, that in South America the 

 great mountain chains of the Andes 

 stretch from the tropical regions, al- 

 most without interruption, to the Straits 

 of Magellan (from the 52d to the 53d 

 degree of S. lat.), and that, on this ac- 

 count, tropical forms are seen in that 

 frigid southern zone, because the tract 

 of mountains everywhere determines 

 vegetation. It is hence that the straits 

 of Magellan are prolific of Coronaria;, 

 Onagra;, Dorstenia;, and Heliotropia;, ' 

 which in other parts of the world grow 

 only within the tropics, or in their 

 neighbourhood. In general the vege- 

 tation of the southern hemisphere is 

 very different from that of the northern; 

 and there is a certain correspondence 

 between the Floras of Southern Africa, 

 America, and New Holland, ^^st of 

 the trees are woody with stiff llaves, 

 blossoms sometimes magnificent, but 



fruit of little flavour. In Southern Af^ 

 rica, as well as in New Holland, it is 

 the form of the Protea; which prevails, 

 as if appropriated to these regions. In- 

 stead of the South American Erica;, we 

 find the Epacrida; of New Holland ; Lo- 

 belia;, Diosma;, and a great number of 

 rare forms of compound blossoms and 

 of umbellata;, are common to all these 

 southern regions." 



Now, the reason for these differences 

 is, that the countries thus contrasted 

 differ in climate — that is, they differ in 

 the intensity and duration of light and 

 heat they enjoy — they differ in the con- 

 trast of their day and night tempera- 

 tures — they differ in the relative length 

 of the day and night — they differ in the 

 length of their summer and winter, or, 

 which is synonymous, in the relative 

 length of their periods of vegetable ac- 

 tivity and rest — they differ also in the 

 amount of rain which falls, not only an- 

 nually, but at particular seasons — they 

 differ in having much atmospheric moist- 

 ure deposited in the form of rain or 

 dew, or snow, at different periods of 

 vegetable activity or rest. Now, what- 

 ever these differences are, whatever 

 the peculiarities of a climate are from 

 which a plant comes, the gardener can- 

 not cultivate it successfully unless he 

 secures to that plant those climatal dif- 

 ferences and peculiarities. 



CLIMBERS are plants which attach 

 themselves to supporters by their natu- 

 ral appendages, as either by their ten- 

 drils or by their hooks. 



CLINO PODIUM. Three species. 

 Hardy herbaceous perennials. Division 

 or seeds. Common soil. 



CLINTONIA. Two species. An- 

 nuals. C. elegans may be sown where 

 it is to remain in the open borders, but 

 C. pulchella requires its seedlings to be 

 raised in a green-house or under a 

 frame. — " If it is sown as soon as the 

 seed is ripe, in two-thirds leaf mould, 

 and one-third common soil, with a little 

 sand, care being taken to make the soil 

 firm enough to prevent the seed from 

 being dislodged in watering ; where it 

 is intended to have beds of it in the 

 flower garden, it may be planted out in 

 the beginning of March : none of the 

 frosts that happen after that time will 

 injure it. 



" If the seedlings were planted out 

 in the autumn, early enough to take 

 root in the soil before the winter, there 



