C L I 



156 



C LU 



is no doubt they would prove as hardy 

 as any of the Californian annuals, and, 

 like them, succeed better in that way, 

 than if sown or planted out in the 

 spring." — Gard. Chron. 



CLIPPING hedges should be confined 



search the fruit trees for the bands of 

 eggs laid on the branches, and to crush 

 them. In May, when the caterpillars 

 are living in society, the nests contain- 

 ing them should be collected and de- 

 stroyed. Care must be taken when col- 



to those of the commonest and hardiest : lecting the nests, for if the caterpillars 

 varieties of shrubs, as those of hawthorn | are much disturbed, they let themselves 

 and privet. The shears may, however, ! down to the ground by means of a thin 



be used with great advantage by expert 

 operators, even on the most delicate 

 plants used for ornamental hedges. 

 Clipping of deciduous hedges is most 

 advantageously performed in the spring 

 and early summer. A multitude of 

 shoots are then induced, which secures 

 that chief desideratum in hedges — thick- 

 ness and closeness of texture. 



CLISIOCAMPA neustria, the Lacky 

 Moth, dies only at night. It appears 

 about .luly, and its eggs are laid round 

 the twigs of trees in the form of a broad 

 band of about three hundred eggs, 

 closely glued together, and resembling 

 a ring of seed lac. The caterpillars 

 striped longitudinally blue, red, and 

 yellow, appear from these in the April 

 or May following. They congregate 

 in large nests at the forks of the small 

 branches, and are then easily crushed 



silken thread, and escape. In July 

 their cocoons should be looked for on 

 the trees between the leaves, in the 

 roofs of sheds, and even on the tops of 

 walls." — Gard. Chron. 



C L I T R I A. Thirteen species. 

 Chiefly stove or green-house evergreen 

 climbers. C. mariana is a lialf hardy 

 deciduous. Cuttings, seeds. Loam, 

 peat, and sand. 



C LI VI A nobilis. Green-house ever- 

 green bulbous plant. Division, seeds. 

 Rich sandy loam. 



CLOUDBERRY. Rubus chammnorus. 



CLOVE. Dianthiis caryophyUus. 



CLOVER TREE. CaryophyUus. 



CLOWESIA rosea. Stove shrub. 

 Cuttings. Rich loam. 



CLUB ROOT. See Amhiiry. 



CLUMPS when close are sometimes 

 called Thickets, Vind when open Groups 



en masse. They enter the chrysalis j 0/ Trees. They differ only in extent 



state at the end of June, and then they 

 are to be found in cocoons between two 

 leaves, &c. 



" In June they are full grown and 

 about an inch in length, gray striped 

 with blue, red, and yellow, and having 

 but few hairs. The caterpillar spins 

 between two leaves a thin web of an 

 oval form, and it becomes a longish 

 brown pupa, in which state it remains 

 for three weeks or a month. In July 

 the moth appears, which in size and 

 colour, is not unlike the silkworm moth. 

 Its colour is light yellow, and some- 

 times dark olive colour. The upper 

 wings are banded, and the lower wings 

 are generally of a uniform brownish 

 colour. The male is readily known 

 from the female, by its strongly pecti- 

 nated antennae and thinner body. The 



rom a wood, if they are close, or from 

 a grove, if they are open ; they are small 

 woods, and small groves, governed by 

 the same principles as the larger, after 

 allowances made for their dimensions. 

 But besides the properties they may 

 have in common with woods, or with 

 groves, they have others peculiar to 

 themselves. They are either indepen- 

 dent or relative; when independent, 

 their beauty as single objects is solely 

 to be attended to ; when relative, the 

 beauty of the individuals must be sacri- 

 ficed to the effect of the whole, which 

 is the greater consideration. The least 

 clump that can be, is of two trees ; and 

 the best effect they can have, is, that 

 their heads united should appear one 

 large tree ; two, therefore, of different 

 species, or seven or eight of such shapes 



insect flies only at night, and conse- I as do not easily join, can hardly be a 

 quently is rarely seen. It often appears beautiful group, especially if it have a 

 iu considerable numbers, and does not tendency to a circular form. Such 

 confine its ravages to fruit trees, but j clumps of firs, though very common, 

 attacks many other trees ; such as are seldom pleasing ; they do not com- 

 beeches, elms, poplars, oaks, and even j pose one mass, but are only a contiised 

 pines. The best means of lessoning j number of pinnacles. The confusion 

 the devastationscommitted by the insect is, however, avoided by placing them 

 is, in the winter season, carefully to ; in succession, not in clusters; and a 



