DOU 



202 



DRI 



is only indirectly the cause of double 

 flowers, and these a retrograde step 

 from a high state of development. 



Whether my own opinion or Mr. 

 Beaton's be correct, it is quite certain 

 that in practice the plants from which 

 double-flowered varieties are sought, 

 must be kept in the highest state of de- 

 velopment by supplying them abundant- 

 ly with all the assistance to vigorous 

 growth; and when the seed vessels are 

 formed, they should be reduced in num- 

 ber in order to make the seed in those 

 remaining as large and perfect as pos- 

 sible. In the course of a few generations, 

 seedlings appear, having flowers with an 

 excess of petals, and seeds being ob- 

 tained from these, or from other flowers 

 impregnated by their stamens, and the 

 same high cultivation continued, the 

 excess of petals increases and becomes 

 a permanent habit. 



DOUCIN STOCK. See Stock. 



DOUGLASIA nivalis. Hardy herba- 

 ceous. Seed. Peat and sand. 



DRABA. Forty-one species. Hardy 

 herbaceous chiefly, and a few annuals. 

 Seed. Loam and peat. 



DRACCENA. Twenty-two species. 

 Stove evergreen trees and shrubs. Cut- 

 tings. Sandy loam. 



DRACOCEPHALUM. Twenty spe- 

 cies. Chiefly hardy herbaceous. Divi- 

 sion or seed. Common soil. 



DRACOPHYLLUM. Three species. 

 Green-house evergreen shrubs. Cut- 

 tings. Sandy peat. 



DRAGON'S-HEAD. Dracocephalum. 



DRAGON TREE. Draccena draco. 



DRAINING. There is scarcely a gar- 

 den existing that would not be benefited 

 by under-draining. Every gardener 

 knows the absolute necessity for a good 

 drainage under his wall-trees and vines, 

 but few gardeners ever think for a mo- 

 ment, whether there is any escape and 

 out-fall forthe water he has drained from 

 immediate contact with the roots of the 

 above-named favoured trees. Every 

 garden should' have drains cut, varying 

 in depth from two to three feet, accord- 

 ing to the depth of the soil, with an in- 

 terval of twenty-four feet between the 

 drains ; twelve feet will not be too near 

 in clayey soils. At the bottom of the 

 drains should be placed one-inch pipes; 

 these should be well puddled over, six 

 inches deep with clay, and then the 

 earth returned. They should have an 

 outfall into a ditch, at the least elevated 



side of the garden. By having the 

 pipes with a bore no larger than an 

 inch, moles cannot creep in, and that 

 bore is large enough to carry off" all the 

 water, after even the heaviest rains. 

 Draining farm-lands has been performed 

 to a great extent in England, and with 

 most advantageous results: at Lord 

 Hatherton's residence, Teddesley Hay, 

 in Staff"ordshire, four hundred and sixty- 

 seven acres, formerly letting for an 

 average rental of ]2s. per acre, were 

 all drained for an outlay of 3/. 4s. Id. 

 per acre, and their rental now averages 

 more than 31s. per acre. 



To plants in pots, good drainage isnot 

 less essential than to those in our borders. 



DREPANOCARPUS lunatus. Stove 

 evergreen shrub. Cuttings. Rich loam. 



DRILLING. No crop in the garden 

 should be sown broadcast, for drilling 

 saves seed and labour; and although in 

 some cases it takes more time to insert 

 the seed in drills, yet this is more than 

 compensated by the time saved during 

 the after-culture, for the thinning and 

 hoeing are greatly facilitated. 



The distance apart appropriate for 

 the drills for particular crops, will be 

 found under their respective titles ; they 

 are usually made with a hoe and line ; 

 but for mustard, cress, and other small 

 seeds, the drill-rake is often used. The 

 teeth are set six inches apart, and are 

 broad and coulter formed. When the 

 drills are required to be less than six 

 inches apart, the implement can be 

 worked diagonally. 



DRILL BARROWS, or SEED SOW- 

 ERS. " Various have been the con- 

 trivances for sowing seeds, many having 

 the mere merit of ingenuity, without 

 practical utility ; because when used 

 with adhesive seeds, or those of rough 

 form, they clog, and, in consequence, 

 sow irregularly. Those now off^ered, 

 obviate all such objections, being suited 

 alike for Turnips, Beets, Onions, Car- 

 rots, Parsnips, &c. By the use of a 

 good Drill, the farmer or gardener can 

 save one-half of his seed, (that is, none 

 are needlessly sown,) and do the work 

 at much less expense, as well as with 

 greater rapidity than by the ordinary 

 mode of sowing ; as the Drill opens the 

 furrow, drops the seed, covers and rolls 

 it down." — Rural Register. 



A very simple and low-priced Tyrill 

 is formed by a tin tube, or hollow cane, 

 surmounted by a funnel-like mouth- 



