DUR 



207 



ECU 



w 



on straw anil hay the poorest; the j ous proportions : — Silica, or pure flint ; 



difference between the fertilizing effects 

 of the richest and the inferior farm-yard 

 dung is much greater tlian is commonly 

 believed ; in* many instances the dis- 



Alumina, or pure clay; Lime, combined 

 with carbonic acid in the state of chalk ; 

 and Magnesia. See Soil. 



EARTHING-UP, or drawing the soil 



parity exceeds one-half; thus that pro- I in a ridge to the stems of plants, 13 

 duced by cattle fed upon oil-cake is beneficial to fibrous-rooted plants, by 

 fully equal in value to double the ! reducing the distance from the surface 

 quantity fed upon turnips. Hence the j of the extremities of the plant's roots ; 

 superior richness of the manure of j by inducing the production of rootlets 

 fattening swine to that of pigs in a lean ! from the stem ; and sheltering the 

 state, and the far superior strength of j winter standing crops, for the closer 

 night-soil to any manure produced from \ the foliage of these are to the earth the 

 merely vegetable food. Chemical ex- | less is the reduction of heat from the 

 aminations are hardly necessary to j latter, either by radiation or contact 

 prove these facts. Every farmer who with the colder air. 



has had stall-fed cattle will testify to 

 their truth; every cultivator will readily 

 acknowledge the superiority of ' town- 

 made,' that is, corn-produced stable 

 dung, to that from horses fed only on 



But to tuberous-rooted plants, as the 

 potato, it is detrimental. In my experi- 

 ments it reduced the produce one- 

 fourth. Many farmers who cultivate 

 the potato extensively, do so with the 



"""B5 ■■■' "■•■•■ >■"•■' ..v,.»^o .V,V. ^...J „ -^ , _, -- -- 



hay and straw, and that night-soil is far ; horse-hoe alone, no longer using the 

 superior in strength to either. The j plough to earth-up, as was formerly the 

 relative (juantities employed by the ; universal practice, and is now with 

 cultivator betray the same fact, for on those who never profit by experience, 

 the soils where'he applies twenty loads , EARWIG. Forficula auricularis. 

 of good farm-yard compost per acre, he This destroyer of the peach, apricot, 

 ■'""■'■ <- • 1 . piurn, dahlia, pink and carnation, com- 



mits its ravages only at night, retiring 

 durinjr the day to any convenient 



spreads not half that quantity of night- 

 soil. The drainage from all manures 



should be scrupulously preserved, for ^ — _.._, .- .-..j 



the liquid or soluble portion constitutes ' shelter in the vicinity of its prey. Ad- 

 their richest portion. The escape of, vantage must be taken of this habit, 



their gaseous products during decom 

 position should also be checked as 

 much as possible, for they contain 

 ammonia, carbonic acid, &c., all 

 abounding in constituents valuable as 

 .fertilizers." — Johnson^s Farmer's En- 

 cyclop 



and if small garden pots with a little 

 moss within be inverted upon a stick, 

 and pieces of the dry hollow stem of 

 the sunflower, or Jerusalem artichoke, 

 be placed in the neighbourhood of the 

 fruits and flowers enumerated, many of 

 the insects will resort thither, and may 



DUR.\NTA. Seven species. Stove be shaken out and destroyed. As ear- 



evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. Loam and 

 peat. 



DUVALIA. Twelve species. Stove 

 evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. Sandy 

 loam and lime rubbish. 



DUVAUA. Four species. Green- 

 house evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. 

 Common soil. 



DWARF FAN-PALM. Chamarops 

 humilis. 



DWARF MOLY. Allium chama- 

 moly. 



DWARF STANDARD is a fruit tree 

 on a very short stem, with its branches 

 unshortened and untrained. 



DYCKIA ranjlora. Green-house 

 herbaceous. Suckers. Sandy peat and 

 loam. 



EARTHS. Every cultivated soil is 

 mainly composed of four earths in vari- 



wigs are winged insects, it is useless to 

 guard the stems of plants in any mode. 



EBENUS. Two species. Green- 

 house evergreens. Seed. Peat and 

 loam. 



ECASTAPHYLLUM. Three species. 

 Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. Rich 

 loam. 



ECCREMOCARPUS longiflora. 

 Green-house evergreen climber. Cut- 

 tings. Sand, loam, and peat. 



E C H E V E R I A . Seven species. 

 Green-house and stove succulents. Cut- 

 tings. Sandy loam and peat. 



ECHINACEA. Six species. Hardy 

 herbaceous. Division. Light rich loam. 



ECHINOCACTUS. Sixty-one 

 species. Stove evergreen. Offsets. 

 Sandy peat, and a little calcareous rub- 

 bish. 



