ERY 



214 



ESP 



the preservation of the roots through 

 the winter." — Gard. Chron. North of 

 the Potomac it will be safer to remove 

 the Erythrina c.-galli in autumn -to 

 some sheltered situation, where it may 

 be kept in nearly a dry or dormant state 

 until the spring, when it may again 

 occupy its position in the open air. 



KRYT UROL JEN A conspicua. Hardy 

 biennial. Seed. Rich loam. 



EllYTIIRONIUM. Four species. 

 Hardy bulbs. Offsets. Common soil, 

 with a little peat 



are withered, which takes place during 

 the last-named month, when, being 

 carefully dried and housed, they will 

 keep until the following spring. Care 

 must be taken that they are gradually 

 dried in an airy situation, shaded from 

 the meridian sun, which would cause 

 them to wrinkle; as also to store them 

 in dry weather. 



ESCHSCHOLTZIA. See Chryseis. 



ESPALIER, is a tree trained to a 

 trellis instead of a wall, and though 

 the fruit it bears is not quite equal to 



ESCALLONIA. Seven species, i that borne by a tree of the same variety 

 Green-house and half-hardy evergreen j trained against the wall, yet it is far 

 shrubs. Cuttings. Peat, sand, and i superior to that borne on either dwarf 

 loam. j or full standards. Of this the causes 



ESCHALLOT or SHALLOT. ^Z-j obviously are, that the fruit and leaves 

 liu7n ascalonicum. Of this there are j are more fully supplied with sap, and 

 the common, and the long-keeping, the j more perfectly exposed to the light and 

 ]ast continuing good for two years. ' warmth of the sun. Some gardeners 

 Both have a stronger taste than the j object to their introduction into the 

 onion, yet not leaving that odour on the ; kitchen garden on the plea that they 

 palate which the latter is accustomed j deprive the under crops of air and light, 

 to do, it is often preferred and em- ■ but if confined to the borders of the 

 ployed in its stead, both in culinary ■ main walks, the shelter they afford to 

 preparations, and for eating inits natural ! those crops is more than commensurate 

 state. j to the slight interruption suggested. In 



Time and Mode of Propagation. — j addition, they are highly ornamental. 

 Each offset of the root will increase in ' and greatly improve the aspect of the 

 a similar manner as its parent. The j kitchen garden. Espalier rails should 

 planting may be performed in October ; run parallel with the walks, and at four 

 and November, or early in the spring, I feet distance from them ; not higher 

 as February, March, or beginning of j than five feet; neat, and if made of 

 April. The first is the best season, ; wood, tarred, and the ends which are 

 especially if the soil lies dry, as the j fixed in the ground charred; though 

 bulbs become finer. If the smallest blocks of stone sunk into the ground, 

 offsets are employed for planting, they i with iron sockets or bases to receive 

 never become mouldy in the ground, those ends, are still better. 



and they are never injured by the most 

 intense frosts. 



They are to be planted on the surface, 

 six inches asunder each way, in beds 

 not more than four feet wide, some very 

 rich mould being placed beneath them, 

 and a little raised on each side to sup- 

 port them until they become firmly 

 rooted, when it must be entirely re- 

 moved by the hoe, and a strong current 

 of water from the watering pot. The 

 compost laid beneath the offsets may 

 consist of a mixture of well-decayed 

 hot-bed dung and soot, which is very 

 favourable to their growth, and is a 

 preservative from the maggot. 



Cultivation. — The only attention they 

 subsequently require is to be kept clear Various suggestions have been made for 

 of weeds. Some may be taken up as altering the form of espalier trellises, 

 wanted in June, July, and August, but! but let the gardener never adopt any 

 not entirely for storing until the leaves I that declines from the perpendicular. 



Gooseberries and Currants are highly 

 improved by being trained as espaliers, 

 and may be so grown along borders 

 near the side walks of the kitchen 

 garden. For these the trellis must be 

 not higher than three feet from the 

 ground, and for the purpose stakes 

 about four inches in circumference, 

 and thus arranged, are very suitable. 



Fig. 41. 



