FOR 



233 



FOU 



at accustomed times, as to the procuring of the tines tearing them asunder."— 

 it unseasonably. Rarity is good, but Card. Chron. 

 excellence is best. FORMICA. See Ant. 



FORE-RIGHT SHOOTS are the FOTHEROILLA. Four species, 

 shoots which are emitted directly in Hardy deciduous shrubs. Layers and 

 front of branches trained against a wall, seed. Peat. 



and consequently cannot be trained in This genus derives its name from John 

 without an acute bending, which is al- Fothergill, an eminent physician, born 

 ■ways in some degree injurious. in Yorkshire in 1712. In 1762 he pur- 



FORK. This instrument is prefera- chased an estate at Upton, and there 

 ble to the spade, even for digging over founded an excellent botanic garden, 

 open compartments, for the soil can be ; FOUNTAINS surprise by their novel- 

 reversed with it as easily as with the ty, and the surprise is proportioned to 

 spade; the labour is diminished, and the height to which they throw the wa- 

 the pulverization of the soil is more ef- ter; but these perpendicular columns 

 fectual. (See Digghig.) For stirring of water have no pretence to beauty, 

 the soil in plantations, shrubberies, and j The Emperor fountain at Chatsworth is 

 fruit borders, a two-pronged fork is the most surprising in the world, for it 

 often employed, but that with three j tosses its waters to a height of two hun- 

 prongs is quite as unobjectionable, and ! dred and sixty-seven feet, impelled by a 

 a multiplicity of tools is an expensive j fall from a reservoir three hundred and 

 f<il!y. Dr. Yelloly's fork is certainly a eighty-one feet above the ajutage, or 

 good working implement. Its entire mouth of the pipe from which it rushes 



into the air. 



For an interesting description of this 

 es; its diameter" one and a half inch; ' fountain and the grounds at Chatsworth, 

 width of the entire prongs seven inches the seat of the Duke of Devonshire, see 



Downing's " Horticulturist." 



The following are a few of the most 



length, three feet three and a half inch- 

 es; handle's length, two feet two inch- 



at the top ; width at the points six inch- 

 es ; prongs thirteen and a half inches 

 long, and at the top seven-eighths of an powerful fountains in Europe : — 



inch square, tapering to a point. The 

 straps fixing t!ie head to the handle are 

 eleven inches long, two inches wide, 

 and half an inch thick, feathering off; 

 weight of fork, eight pounds. 



Leaf-fork. Mr. Toward, of Bagshot 

 Park, describes a very serviceable im- 

 plement of this kind; he says — "One 

 person with this implement will take up 

 with greater facility more leaves than 

 two persons could do with any other 

 tool. It is simply a large four-tined 

 fork, made of wood, shod with iron; 

 the tines are eighteen inches long, and 

 are morticed into a head about seven- 

 teen inches long, and one and a half' 

 inch by two and a quarter inches thick. 

 The tines are one inch in width, and one 

 and a half inch in depth at the head, gra- 

 dually tapering to a point with a curve or 



Feet. 

 The Emperor at Chatsworth, ) 257 



height of jet .... J 

 Wilhemhoihe Fountain in ) 



190 



Hesse Cassel . . 

 Fountain, St. Cloud . . .' 160 

 Peterhoff, Russia .... 120 

 The old Chatsworth ... 94 



Versailles 90 



Mr. Paxton has stated that, " What- 

 ever be the direction of the jet, the dis- 

 charge of water is always the same, 

 provided that the altitude of the reser- 

 voir be the same. This is a necessary 

 consequence of the equal pressure of 

 fluids, in all directions. Water spout- 

 ing from small ajutage has sufficient 

 velocity to carry it to the same height 

 as the water in the reservoir; but it 

 never attains entirely this height, being 



bend upwards. The wood of which they prevented by various concurring causes 



are formed ought to be hard and tough 

 either oak or ash will do, but theRobi- 



1st. Friction in the tubes. 2d. Friction 

 against the circumference of the apcr- 



nia Psuedo- Acacia is preferable to ei- | tiire. 3d. The resistance of the air, its 

 thcr. The head should be made of ash, weight obstructing the rising column." 

 with a handle of the same, and should — Gard. Chron 

 be two feet four inches long. Its re- 



Mr. Loudon justly observes, that it 

 not easy to lay down data on this 



, „ _^_„ .jad; if the bore of the ajutage be too 



it as on a common fork, the large size ' small, the rising stream will want sulfi- 



commendations are its size and light- ' is not easy to lay down data on this 

 ness, the leaves also do not hang upon j head ; if the bore of the ajutage be too 



