FUE 



241 



FUM 



increased, and they should be grown i duct will be the quantity of fuel required 



in the open air 



to heat a cubic foot of air, one degree ; 



" Those who cultivate the Fuchsia, and twenty times that quantity will heat 



with the desire of obtaining it in the 

 greatest perfection, should remember 

 that in its native haunts it flourishes 

 under the shade of loftier shrubs. Rea- 

 son, therefore, suggests, and experience 



it twenty degrees ; thirty times will heal 

 it thirty degrees, and so on. Now 

 0.0075 lbs. of best coals will heat a 

 cubic foot of water one degree ; there- 

 fore 0.000002625 lbs. of best coals will 



has proved, that nothing more conduces 1 heat a cubic foot of air one degree, 

 to its vigour than shading it for three or j It is essential to good and profitable 

 four hours during the hottest period of j fuel that it should be free from moist- 

 the day, and syringing gently every ! ure ; for unless it be dry, much of the 

 night and morning during hot weather.' 

 — Gard. Chron. 



heat which it generates is consumed in 

 I converting that moisture into vapour : 

 Winter Protection. — At the approach ' hence the superior value of old dense, 

 of frost, that excellent horticulturist, dry wood, to that which is porous and 



Mr. Mearns, recommends that the 

 plants should be taken out of the soil, 

 and all the laterals cut from them ; 

 upon those intended to be trained to a i 

 wall, paling, or trellis, leave three, 

 four, five or six canes. They are then 



damp. A pound of dry will heat thirty- 

 five pounds of water from 32'' to 212'^; 

 but a pound of the same wood in a 

 moist or fresh state, will not similarly 

 heat more than twenty-five pounds. 

 The value, therefore, of different woods 



ready to be deposited until the end of for fuel is nearly inversely as their 

 April, or beginning of May, in a pit in j moisture : and this may be readily as- 

 heath or any other tolerably dry soil, I certained by finding how much a pound 

 or sand, and place them in a sloping i weight of the shavings of each loses by 

 direction in the pit with stakes driven drving during two hours, at a terapera- 



" tufe of 212". 



The preceding are the average of 

 results obtainable in a common well- 

 constructed furnace. By a complicated 

 form of boiler, perhaps a small saving 

 of fuel, in obtaining the same results. 



here and there diagonally over them, 

 that they may be kept hollow, and to 

 prevent the soil fronn pressing too much 

 upon their brittle stems. 



In covering them use no straw, or 

 matting, but allow the soil to fall 

 amongst them, and form it into a sharp may be effected ; but it will be found 



ridge at the top. — Gard. Chron. 



generally, that the original cost of 



The laterals removed at the time of apparatus, and the current additional 



this winter-pruning, if divested of their 

 laterals, and packed in powdered char- 

 coal, or perfectly dry earth, in boxes, 

 and placed out of the reach of frost, in 

 a cool place, will retain their vitality 

 until next April, when they may be cut 

 into lengths of about a foot long, and 

 planted with a dibble; insert them into 

 the ground, so as to leave about three 

 inches of the cuttings above the surface 

 in any place where they are wanted to 



expense for repairs, will more than 

 exceed the economy of fuel. — Prin. of 

 Gard. 



FULL-FLOWER. See Double-flower. 



FUMARIA. Six species. Hardy an- 

 nual climbers. Seed. Common soil. 



FUMIGATING is employed for the 

 destruction of certain insects ; the in- 

 haled vapour or smoke arising from 

 some substances being fatal to them. 

 Tobacco (see Tobacco) is the usual sub- 



flower next summer. If kept tolerably stance employed; and it may be ignited, 

 moist, they will be found to make good ; and the smoke impelled upon the insects 



by bellows ; or the ignited tobacco may 

 be placed under a box, or within a 



flowering plants with little trouble 

 Gard. Chron. 



FUEL is no small item in the annual frame together with the affected plant, 

 expenditure of the stove, green-house. The vapour of turpentine is destructive 



and conservatory departments, and 

 therefore deserves consideration. 



The specific heat of water being 1, 

 and that of atmospheric air 0.00035, or 

 jg'jjjth, if the quantity of fuel which 

 will heat a cubic foot of water one de- 

 gree be multiplied by 0.00035, the pro- 

 16 



to the scale and other insects, employed 

 in this mode. Mr. Mills has also stated 

 the following as the best mode of fumi- 

 gating with tobacco. 



" According to the size of the place 

 to be fumigated, one or more pieces of 

 cast iron, one inch thick, and three 



