GOV 



257 



G R A 



ed without any shelter on dunghills, or I part of a branch of one plant upon the 



Grafting is a ditllcult mode of multi- 

 plying an individual, because it is re- 

 quisite so to fit the scion to tlie stock, 

 that some portion of their alburnums 

 and inner barks must coincide, other- 

 wise the requisite circulation of the 

 sap is prevented. No graft will suc- 

 ceed if not immediately grafted upon a 

 nearly kindred stock. I say immedi- 

 ately, because it is possible that by 

 grafting on the most dissimilar species 

 on which it will take, and then moving 

 it with some of the stock attached, to 

 another stock still more remotely allied, 

 that a graft may be made to succeed 

 though supplied with sap from roots of 

 a very dissimilar species. Thus some 

 pear scions can hardly be made to unite 

 with a quince stock ; but if they be 

 grafted upon a young shoot and after- 

 wards inserted in a quince stock, they 

 g:row as freely as if inserted in a seed- 

 ling pear stock. 



The reason for this unusual difficulty 

 in the way of uniting kindred species, 

 arises from one or more of these causes. 

 First, the sap flowing at discordant 

 periods. Secondly, the proper juices 

 being dissimilar. Or thirdly, the sap 

 vessels being of inappropriate calibre. 



Grafting is employed, first, to multiply 

 any desired variety or species; second- 

 ly, to accelerate its fruitfulncss, as 

 when the shoot of a two year old apple 

 seedling js grafted upon a stock of six 

 years' growth, it will arrive at fruitful- 

 ncss much sooner than one left on the 

 parent stem ; thirdly, to improve the 

 ([uality of the fruit by having a more 

 abundant supply of sap : and fourthly, 

 to renew the productiveness of stocks 

 from which previous kinds had fuled. 



The best modes of grafting are thus 

 described by Dr. Lindley in his admir- 

 able Theory of Horticulture : — "■Whip 

 grnfting is the commonest kind ; it is 

 performed by heading down a stock, 

 then paring one side of it bare for the 

 space of an inch or so, and cutting 

 down obliquely at the upper end of the 

 pared part, towards the pith ; the scion 

 is levelled oblitjuely to a length corre- 

 sponding with the pared surfice of the 

 stock, and an incision is made into it 

 near the upper end of the wound ob- 

 liquely upwards so as to form a ' tongue,' 

 which is forced into the corresponding 

 wound in the stock ; care is then taken 



in holes prepared as directed for the 

 open ground crop of cucumbers. Some 

 may be inserted beneath pales, walls 

 or hedges, to be trained regularly over 

 them on account of their ornamental 

 appearance. They may be treated in 

 every respect like the cucumber, only 

 they do not want so much care. They 

 require abundance of water in dry 

 weather. When the runners have e.x- 

 tended three feet, they may be pegged 

 down and covered with earth at a joint ; 

 this will cause the production of roots, 

 and the longer continuance of the plant 

 in vigour. 



The fruit for seed should be selected 

 and treated as directed for the cucum- 

 ber. It is ripe in the course of Sep- 

 tember or October. 



We have retained this article in its 

 original form as a matter of curiosity, 

 not only as regards the artificial means 

 necessary in Great Britain, for the pro- 

 duction of the pumpkin and the squash, 

 but also with reference to the manner 

 in which the latter vegetable is serv- 

 ed at table. Fn the United States no 

 person who cultivates a garden, how- 

 ever small, can be presumed ignorant 

 as to the culture of these vines, and it 

 is therefore unnecessary to add a word 

 of instruction. The pumpkin described 

 as the Fotiron Jaune is the one known 

 with us as the mammoth, of which spe- 

 cimens have been exhibited before the 

 Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, over 

 eight feet in circumference. 



GOVENIA. Four species. Stove 

 orchids. G. gardneri an herbaceous 

 perennial. Division. Sandy peat and 

 light loam. G.lagfinophora,a.sA swamp 

 plant in very sandy peat. " Having 

 filled a twenty- four with about two 

 inches of crocks, place over them a 

 layer of spungy peat for two or three 

 inches more, and then fill it up with 

 nearly equal quantities of sharp sand 

 and heath mould, so that the surface is 

 nearly all sand. Place it near the light 

 in a cool part of the stove about GO^, 

 and keep it very wet as long as it con- 

 tinues growing. It generally flowers in 

 April or May. Remove to the green- 

 house after flowering, and keep quite 

 dry in the stove from October to Feb- 

 ruary." — Gard. Chron. 



GRAFF or GR.\FT. See Scion. 

 GRAFTING 



17 



uniting a scion or 



