GR A 



258 



GR A 



that the bark of the scion is exactly ad- [ Cactaces; the parts of which, ow- 

 iusted to that of the stock, ing to their succulence, rea- 

 Fig 62. and the two are bound dily form a union with each Fig. 64. 



l^A^ 



Other. 



" A far better method than 

 whip grafting, but more te- 



i.,^ „ap... B «K id'ous, is saddle grafting, in 



through the stock to sus- j which the stock is pared ob- 

 tain the life of the scion ! liquely on both sides till it 

 ■ • ' becomes an inverted wedge. 



firmly together 



" Here the mere con- 

 tact of the two enables 

 the sap flowing upwards 



until the latter can de 

 velop its buds, which then 

 send downwards their 

 wood ; at the same time 

 the cellular system of the 

 parts in contact unites by 

 granulations, and when 

 the wood descends it 

 passes through the cel- 

 lular deposit, and holds 

 the whole together. 



" The use of ' tongue- 

 ing' is merely to steady 

 the scion and to prevent 



and the scion is slit up the 

 centre, when its sides are 

 pared down till they fit the 

 sides of the stock. In this 

 method the greatest possible 

 quantity of surface is brought 

 into contact, and the parts are 

 mutually so adjusted, that the 

 ascending sap is freely received 

 from the stock by the scion, 

 while at the same time, the 

 descending sap can flow freely 

 from the scion into the stock. 



its slipping. The"advantage of this mode I Knight, in describing this mode of 

 of graftinl is the quickness with which operating, has the following observa- 

 it may be performed ; the disadvantage tions : 



is, that the surfaces applied to each <.c The graft first begins its efforts to 

 other are much smaller than can be unite itself to the stock just at the period 

 ' 1 L_. -.1 «n.,c ...Unr. fho frirmntinn nf a npw interna! 



secured by other means. 



when the formation of a new interna! 



CUreu oy oilier lucaiio. wncu viic n^iiuuii'^i. ^. .. 



" It is however, a great improvement | layer of bark commences in the spring, 

 •i_ _ _ij «^ni,i»> rrf nfH'ntr atill pm- I r,^A «V.ofliiir) vvKifVi apnprafps this laver 



upon the old crown grafting, still em- 

 ployed in the rude unskilful practice of 

 some continental gardeners, but expel- 

 led from Great Britain ; which consists 

 of nothing more than heading down a 

 stock with an exactly horizontal cut, 



and the fluid which generates this layer 

 of bark, and which also feeds the in- 

 serted graft, radiates in every direction 

 from the vicinity of the medulla to the 

 external surface of the alburnum. 

 " The graft is of course most advan- 



stock wMtn an exacu^ jiuniumui y.^„, a j^jj^ grait is or course mosi auviiii- 

 and splitting it through the middle, into t^ggously placed when it presents the 

 which is forced the end of a scion cut' jgrgest surface to receive such fluid, and 

 into the form of a wedge, when the .-.i„°_ »i.„ a..;^ ;»ooif ;= marlD t<^i rlfviatp 



whole are bound together. 



— - —' j when the fluid itself is made to deviate 

 In this jgj^gj j-j-om its natural course. Thi 



whole are Douna lugemei. m """least from its natural course. -iiiis 

 method the split in the stock can hardly j ^^^^^^ place most efficiently when, (as 

 be made to heal without great care ; | j^^ jj^jg saddle grafting) a graft of nearly 



*Vio nninn hptween the I I ~:„., ...:.U iU^ c^t*-!..!.- io /^ivirlorl nfr 



Fig. 63. 



the union between the 

 edges of the scion and ' 

 those of the stock is very 

 imperfect, because the 

 bark of the former neces- 

 sarily lies upon the wood 

 of the latter, except just 

 at the sides: and from 

 the impossibility of bring- 

 ing the two barks in con- 

 tact, neither the ascend- 

 ing nor descending cur- 

 rents of sap are able freely 

 to intermingle. This plan 

 is much improved by cutting out the 

 stock into the form of a wedge, instead 

 of splitting ; it may, however, be advan- 

 tageously employed for such plants as 



„ g) a graf 



equal size with the stock is divided at 

 its base and made to stand astride the 

 stock, and when the two divisions of 

 the graft are pared extremely thin, at 

 and near their lower extremities, so 

 that they may be brought into close 

 contact with the stock (from which but 

 little bark or wood should be pared off^ 

 by the ligature." — Hort. Trans. 147. 



To execute saddle grafting properly, 

 the scion and stock should be of equal 

 size ; and where that cannot be, a se- 

 cond method, in which the scion may 

 be much smaller than the stock, has 

 been described by the same great gar- 

 dener. 



This is practised upon small stocks 



