GRA 



259 



GRA 



almost exclusively in Here- 

 fordshire; but it is never 

 attempted till the usual sea- 

 son of grafting is past, and 

 till the bark is readily de- 

 tached from the alburnum. 

 The head of the stock is 

 then taken off, by a single 

 stroke ofthe knife, oblique- 

 ly, so that the incision com- 

 mences about the width of 

 the diameter of the stock, 

 below the point where the 

 medulla appears in the sec- 

 tion, and ends as much 

 above it upon the opposite 

 side. The scion, or graft, 

 which should not exceed in 

 diameter half that of the 

 stock, is then to be divided 



Chink or Shoulder 

 Grafting. 



Fig. 68. 



Root Grafting. 

 Fig. 69. 



^..>- „^ — , „. ^ , By whatever mode the operation be 



which should not exceed in performed, the essentials for success 

 Hi^impt^r hnlf thnt ^f tl,» are, 1. That the same p nj-nft. 

 parts of the stock and . ° j,' 

 longitudinally, abouttwo inchesupwards 1 scion should he brought h f 

 from its lower end, into two unequal into contact as much as 



possible — bark to bark, 

 and alburnum to albur- 

 num. 2. That as the 

 nourishment has to be 

 afforded to the graft from 

 the alburnum ofthe stock 

 with which it is brought 

 in contact, this should not 

 be exposed to the air for 

 one minute longer than 



Fig. 70. 



divisions, by passing the knife upwards 

 just in contact with one side ofthe me- 

 dulla. The stronger division of the 

 graft is then to be pared thin at its lower 

 extremity, and introduced, as in crown 

 grafting, between the bark and wood of 

 the stock ; and the more slender divi- 

 sion is fitted to the stock upon the op- 

 posite side. 



" The graft, consequently, stands 

 astride the stock, to which it attaches j is necessary to insert the 

 itself firmly upon each side, and which ; previously prepared graft, 

 it covers completely in a single season. ' for if the surface becomes 

 Grafts of the apple and pear rarely ever dry in the slightest de- 

 fail in this method of grafting, which gree, vegetation on that part is perma- 

 may be practised with equal success i nently destroyed ; and thirdly, that the 

 with young wood in July, as soon as it air and wet should be excluded after 



has become moderately firm and ma- 

 ture." — Theory of Horticulture. 



The other modes of grafting require 

 no description, but will be best under- 



the scion has been inserted, otherwise 

 the dryness of the parts, or the dilution 

 of the sap, will prevent the union. To 

 effect the desired exclusion, the entire 



stood by a reference to the following ! wound must be inclosed with grafting 



sketches. 



Cleft Grafting. 

 Fig. 66. 



Side Grafting. 

 Fig. 67. 



clay or grafting wax, the best recipes 

 for which are these : — 



Grafting Clay is best made of two 

 parts cow-dung; three parts common 

 clay ; and one part awns or beards of 

 barley, kneaded together thoroughly. 



Grafting Wax. — Moist bast is usually 

 employed tor closing the wound of the 

 stock, but it is far preferable to use 

 worsted, and over this a coating of the 

 grafting wax, made according to the 

 following recipe : — 



Burgundy pitch 1 oz. 



Common pitch 4 



Yellow wax 4 



Tallow or lard 2 



