GRA 



263 



GRA 



the preceding year's growth, from the westerly point or even due S., exposes 

 time that the shoots of the stocks which the vine to the strong winds which pre- 

 the grafts are to be put upon have made vail from the W. and S.W. 

 four or five eyes, until mid-summer. Soil. — The best soil is a light, rich, 

 with every prospect of the grafts grow- sandy loam, eighteen inches deep, rest- 

 ing, and without the least danger of the ing on a drainage of twelve inches of 

 stocks suffering by bleeding. They may bricklayers' rubbish, 

 likewise be grafted with shoots of the Manures. — The richest manures, such 

 same summer's growth, worked in the as night-soil, blood, bone-dust, and 

 rind of the young wood, from the time butchers' offal, are most beneficial to 

 that the young bunches of grapes be- vines, and should be added annually to 

 come visible on the stocks till July, : the border in which they grow. During 

 out of doors, or till a month later under | the time of their being in bloom, aslight 



glass. The operation must not be per- 

 formed later than the periods here spe- 

 cified, because time is necessary for the 

 young shoots of the grail to become 

 hard and ripen before winter." — Hort. 

 Soc. Trans. 



trench in a circuit three feet from the 

 stem should be opened, and the con- 

 tents of the house slop pail, soapy 

 water, and urine, be poured into it 

 daily. 



Walls, for the grape-vine, need never 



Single Eyes, or Buds. — Mr. Appleby be higher than eight feet, and the more 



gives the following directions for this substantial the better, as they cool 



mode of propagation: — " Take a single slowly in proportion to their thickness, 



bud with about half an inch of wood on ! They should be painted annually with 



each side of it, and insert it in a pot a creamy mixture of one part lime and 



four inches in diameter, filled with light two parts soot, to fill up the nail holes, 



rich soil, covering the bud half an inch, the harbours of insects, to destroy moss, 



and pressing the earth firmly about it, and to increase the warmth of the wall, 



place the pots in a bark bed, or dung Although a dark-coloured body radi- 



bed covered with saw dust; either of ates heat, and consequently cools more 



these will do, provided the heat 

 moderate. It will soon shoot up above 

 the soil and begin to send out roots ; 

 water very sparingly, for a time in- 

 creasing the quantity as it requires it. 

 Air is given on all mild days to make 

 it become stout and of a good colour. 

 As soon as the roots reach the sides of 



quickly than a similar body of a light 

 colour, yet this is prevented if a proper 

 screen is placed before it. (See Shelters.) 

 A coping should project from the top 

 of the wall four inches wide, if this be 

 four feet high, and an additional inch 

 for every foot of height. 



Pruning and Training. — The vine 



the pots, shift into large pots, which bears on wood one year old only, and 

 operation may be done thrice during this knowledge must control thes^ope- 



the growing season ; it will require a 

 stick to support it, and all the super- 

 fluous leaves and tendrils removed ; 

 ripen the wood by keeping ^s dry an 

 atmosphere in the pit or frame as pos- 

 sible during the latter part of the sea- 

 son, endeavouring to effect this without 

 any reduction of temperature, which 

 should average about 70° Fahrenheit. 



rations, for after a branch has borne it 

 is of no further use ; and in pruning, a 

 chief object consequently, is to get rid 

 of all the old wood that can be spared. 

 As Mr. Clement Hoarse's practice is 

 founded upon this, I adopt hia rules 

 without any modification. He obtains, 

 he says: — "All the fruit of a vine from 

 a few shoots trained at full length, in- 



When the wood is sufficiently ripened, stead of from a great number of spurs 

 keep the plant in a cool house or frame, or short shoots. To provide these shoots 



just protected from frost until the plant- 

 ing season." — Card. Chron. 



WALL CULTURE. 



Aspect. — The object to be obtained 

 is not only warmth, but shelter from 



the former bearers are cut down to very 

 short spurs at the autumnal pruning, 

 and at the same time a sufficient number 

 of shoots are left at whole length to 

 produce fruit in the following year; at 

 the succeeding autumn these latter are 



the wind, which is injurious to the vine cut down to very short spurs, and the 

 at all times of its growth. To secure < long shoots that have pushed from the 

 this desideratum, the best aspect is S.E. ' spurs are trained at whole length as 

 Even E. by N. is a good aspect. Any \ before, and so on annually in alternate 



