GRA 



269 



GRA 



Vines in Frames. — We have the fol- i cumulates in the interior of the leaves, 



lowing information on this mode of cul- 

 ture : — " It is well adapted for gardens 

 where the quantity of glass is limited, 

 and is practised liy Mr. Dawson, gar- 

 dener to Lord Ducie, at the Hoo, Hert- 

 fordshire. About the first week in April, 

 a bed of partly decayed dung, to which 

 a small quantity of raw material is add- 



and swells them up in the form of warts. 

 The presence of the latter on tlie under 

 side only, is owing to perspiration from 

 the vines, taking place principally by 

 that surface, which is, moreover, much 

 softer and looser in texture than the 

 upper surface." — Gard. Chron. 

 liust. — The rust of the vine is a dis- 



cd , so as to produce a slight heat, is, ease which attacks the grapes, covering 

 made at about eighteen inches from the them with a tough brown skin, which 



wall in front of the selected vines. 



is incapable of natural extension, and 



" This bed is built sufficiently deep | which stops their growth. Wherever 

 to admit of its being about three feet i the disease appears, the crop is injured 

 high, after settling. The frame used by j or even ruined. Various causes have 

 Mr. Dawson separates into two portions, I been suggested as the origin of this 

 so that the lower part can be first placed j disease ; but the true origin I believe 

 upon the bed. It contains a trellis upon j to be a sudden unhealthy reduction of 

 which the vines are trained, fixed about temperature whilst the grapes are young. 

 a foot above the surface of the dung. From one frosty night I have seen the 

 The upper portion of the frame can be \ fruit of apple trees infected with a very 



afterwards put on and secured to the 

 lower by small brackets. The advan- 

 tage of having the frames constructed 

 in this way is the ease and safety with 

 which the vine can be taken in ; since, 

 in introducing the shoots of a vine 

 through a hole cut in the back of a 

 frame of ordinary construction, the 



similar induration of the skin. 



Bleeding. — If pruned late in the spring 

 the vine is very liable to bleed at this 

 season. A red hot iron applied to the 

 wound until it is partially charred will 

 stop the effusion of sap for a time, and 

 to render the cure permanent, the place 

 should be well rubbed and coated with 



buds would be liable to be rubbed off.: a paste made of newly burnt lime and 

 No more care is required, except in \ grease. This hardens and forms an eC- 

 stopping, thinning, kdt Air is given fectual plaster. 



freely, but no linings to the bed are re- ' Shrivelling arises in the berries from 

 quired. In severe weather a covering j a want of sap. It is caused by several 

 is put on, but this is not generally re- modes of bad cultivation, as excess of 

 sorted to. By pursuing the above me- | wet and cold to the roots; over-heating 

 thod, fruit of good quality has been cut ^ and subsequent reduction of tempera- 



by the latter end of August, for which 

 Mr. Dawson has obtained several prizes 

 at local horticultural exhibitions." — 

 Gard. Chron. 



DISEASES. 



Shanking is a moist gangrene, at- 

 tacking and destroying the stalk of the 

 grapes, arising apparently from the tem- 

 perature of the soil being unsuitably 

 below that in which the branches are 

 vegetating. 



IVarts on Leaves. — Dr. Lindley says, 

 " The appearance of warts on their 

 under side, is most probably caused by 

 damp atmosphere and rich soil, and 

 may be conceived to arise thus: the 

 water which the leaves derive from the 

 stem, and absorb from the atmosphere, 

 is unable to escape again, in conse- 



ture in the house : and by thinning the 

 leaves erroneously. 



Insects infesting the Vine. — See Scale, 

 Thrips, Wasp, ^-c. 



GRAPE HYACINTH. Muscari. 



GRAPE PEAR. Amelanchier Bo- 

 tryapium. 



GRASS MOTH. See Charcsas. 



GRASS-PLOT, correctly speaking, is 

 a parterre, or beds of flowers, arranged 

 with grass-turf between them, instead 

 of gravel. It is usually confounded with 

 Lawn, which see. 



GRASS RAKE. See Lawn Rake. 



GRATIOLA. Six species. Hardy 

 or green-house herbaceous perennials. 

 Division. Rich moist soil. 



GRAVEL WALKS, like all other 

 Walks, (vide,) reqmre a good suhstratum 

 quence of the air that surrounds them of drainage, and the facing of about five 

 being continually loaded with moisture; inches deep of gravel. It must have no 

 the result of this is, that the water ac- stones mixed with it larger than good- 



