H OR 



297 



HOR 



sufficient quantity should be raised to i ract of Syene to the shores of the Delta; 



preserve in sand for winter supply. 



Taking vp. — To take them up a 

 trench is dug along the outside row 

 down to the bottom of the upright 

 roots, which, by some persons, when 

 the bed is continued in one place, are 

 cut off level to the original stool, and 

 the earth from the next row is then 

 turned over them to the requisite depth ; 

 and so in rotation to the end of the 

 plantation. By this mode a bed wi 



but it was when Thebes with its Imn- 

 dred brazen gates, and the cities of 

 Memphis and Ileliopolis, were rising 

 in magnificence, and her stupendous 

 pyramids, obelisks, and temples, be- 

 came the wonders of the world. The 

 hills and plains of Palestine were ce- 

 lebrated for beautiful gardens; but it 

 was not until the walls and temple of 

 Jerusalem announced the power and 

 intelligence of the Israelites, and the 



continue in perfection for five or six i prophets had rebuked their luxury and 

 years ; after which a fresh plantation is extravagance. The queen of the East 

 usually necessary. But the best prac- , " had heard of the fame of Solomon ;" 

 tice is to take the crop up entirely, and his fleets had brought him the gold of 

 to form a plantation annually; for it , Ophir, and the treasures of Asia and 

 not only causes the roots to be finer, j Africa ; the kings of Tyre and Arabia 

 but also affords the opportunity of were his tributaries, and princes his 

 changing the site. If this mode is fol- ! merchants, when he " made orchards," 

 lowed care must be taken to raise every " delighted to dwell in gardens," and 

 lateral root; for almost the smallest of planted the " vineyard of Baalhaman." 

 them will vegetate, if left in the ground. ; The Assyrians had peopled the borders 

 HORSE-RADISH TREE. Moringa. \ of the Tigris and Euphrates, from the 



HORSE-THISTLE. Cirsium. 



Persian gulf to the mountainous re- 



HORTICULTURE (from hortus, gions of Ararat, and their monarchs had 

 garden, and colo, I till) includes in its founded Nineveh and Babylon, before 

 most extensive signification, the culti- j we hear of the gardens of Semiramis. 

 ration of esculent vegetables, fruits and I The Persian empire had extended from 

 ornamental plants, and the formation the Indus to the Archipelago, when the 

 and management of rural scenery for paradise of Sardis excited the astonish- 

 the purposes of utility and embellish- , ment of a Spartan general, and Cyrus 

 ment. The earliest effort of man to mustered the Grecian auxiliaries in 

 emerge from a stale of barbarism was ; the spacious garden of Ceh-ena;. The 

 directed to the tillage of the earth : (Ireeks had repulsed the invasions of 

 the first seed which he planted was the [ Darius and Xerxes, and Athens had 

 first act of civilization, and gardening i reached the height of her glory, when 

 was the first step in the career of re- | Cimon establisheJ the Academus, and 

 finemcnt ; but still it is an art in which ' presented it to his fellow citizens as a 

 he last reaches perfection. When the public garden. Numerous others were 

 savage exchanges the wild and wander- soon planted, and decorated with tem- 

 ing life of a warrior and hunter, for the 

 confined and peaceful pursuits of a 

 planter, the harvests, herds, and flocks 

 take the place of the simple garden. 

 The mechanic arts are next developed ; 

 then commerce commences, and manu- 

 factures soon succeed. As wealth in- 

 creases, ambition manifests itself in 

 the splendor of apparel, of mansions 



pies, porticoes, altars, statues and tri- 

 umphal monuments ; but this was dur- 

 ing the polished age of Pericles, when 

 Socrates and Plato taught philosophy 

 in the sacred groves ; wfien the theatre 

 was thronged to listen to the poetry of 

 Euripedes and Aristophanes; when the 

 genius of" Phidias was displayed in rear- 

 ing the Parthenon and sculpturing the 

 equipages and entertainments. Science, statues of the gods; when eloquence 

 literature, and the fine arts are unfold- ; and painting had reached perfection, 

 ed, and a high degree of civilization is and history was illustrated by Herodotus, 

 attained. It is not until all this has Thucydides, and Xenophon. Rome had 

 taken place, that horticulture is culti- , subjugated the world, and emulated 

 vated as one of the ornamental arts. ; Athens in literature, science, and the 

 Egypt, the cradle of civilization, so far arts, w^hen the superb villas of Sallust, 

 perfected her tillage, that the banks of Crassus, Pompey, Cffisar, Maecenas and 

 the Nile were adorned by a succession Agrippina were erected, and the pa- 

 of luxuriant plantations, from the cata- laces of the emperors were environed 



