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subject of planting and forest trees. | 

 Those which furnish the best idea of 

 the state of culture in that country, are 

 Dietrich's Worterbuch. with the supple- 

 ment of 1820, and Sickler's Deutsche 

 Handwirtshaft. The Dutch excel more 

 in the practice than the literature of 

 gardening. They have no work of very 

 recent date ; that of Comelin, which 

 was published about the middle of the 

 17th century, is among the earliest; 

 and those of La Court and Van Osten 

 are said to be among the best that have 

 appeared. The Journal of a Horticul- 

 tural Tour in Holland and Flanders, by 

 a deputation of the Caledonian Horti- 

 cultural Society, gives the most satis- 

 factory account of gardening in that 

 part of the continent, in 1S17. The 

 TransactionsoftheStockholm and Upsal 

 academies furnish the chief information 

 which is to be obtained, in relation to ; 

 the rural economy of Sweden. The i 

 first author was Rudbeck, who was a I 

 cotemporary of Commelin. Russia and 

 Poland have produced but very few 

 original books on horticulture. The 

 Agricultural Transactions occasionally 

 published by a society in Warsaw, with 

 those of the Economical Society of St. 

 Petersburg, may be considered as af- 

 fording the most accurate intelligence 

 as to the culture of those countries. 

 In the latter city is an extensive imperial 

 botanical garden, which being under the 

 direction of able professors, emulates 

 those of the more favoured portions of 

 southern Europe. The only recorded 

 source for obtaining any knowledge of 

 Spanish tillage, are the Transactions 

 of the Royal Agricultural Society of 

 Madrid. The horticultural literature 

 of France is of an early date, and the 

 authors are not only numerous, but 

 many of them in the highest repute. 

 Etienne and Belon were the pioneers, 

 while Du Hamel, Girardin, D'Argen- 

 ville, Rossier, Tessier,Calvel, Noisette, 

 Du Petit Thours, Jean and Gabriel 

 Thouin, Bosc and Vicomte Haricart de 

 Thury, may be considered as among 

 the most able of their followers, in the 

 various branches of rural economy. 

 For a general knowledge of French 

 culture, the Nouveau Cours d'Agricul- 

 ture, in thirteen volumes, published in 

 1810, should be consulted ; but the 

 most valuable publications on the exist- 

 ing mode of gardening, are the monthly 

 Annales de la Socitti d^ Horticulture, 



the Annales de I'Institut Royal Jlorti- 

 cole de Framont, and the Bon Jardinier, 

 an annual publication compiled by pro- 

 fessor Poiteau and Vilmorin. The first 

 English treatise on rural economy was 

 Fitzherbert's Book of Husbandry, which 

 was published in 1C34. The works of 

 Tusser, George and Piatt soon after ap- 

 peared, and, early in the 18th century, 

 the celebrated treatise of Jethro Tull 

 excited much attention ; and several 

 new works of considerable merit were 

 announced before 1764, when the valu- 

 able publications of Arthur Young, 

 Marshal, and numerous other authors, 

 spread a knowledge of cultivation, and 

 cherished a taste for rural improve- 

 ments, throughout Great Britain. The 

 literature of horticulture rapidly ad- 

 vanced ; but as many of the most emi- 

 nent writers have been named, in treat- 

 ing of the science and art of gardening, 

 it is unnecessary to mention them in 

 this place. The citizens of the United 

 States have been chiefly dependent on 

 England for books relating to agricul- 

 ture and gardening. Still several have 

 appeared by native writers, which are 

 highly creditable to the authors and the 

 country; especially those which relate 

 to the botanical department. Muhlen- 

 burg, Bigelow, Eliot, Torry, Colden, 

 Bartram, Barton, Hosack, Mitchel, Dar- 

 lington, Ives, Dewey and Hitchcock, 

 are entitled to great praise for their 

 successful attempts to illustrate the 

 American flora. One of the earliest 

 writers on husbandry was Belgrove, 

 who published a treatise on husband- 

 ry, in Boston, in 17.5.5; and in 1790 

 Deane's New England Farmer appeared; 

 but McMahon, Cox, Thacher, Adlam, 

 Prince, Buntly, Butler, Nicholson and 

 Fessenden, since the commencement 

 of the present century, have produced 

 works on the various cultures of the 

 United States, which are generally cir- 

 culated, and lield in great estimation. 

 The scientific relations of horticulture 

 are numerous, and require an extensive 

 acquaintance with the various branches 

 of natural history and physics. Bota- 

 ny, mineralogy, chemistry, hydraulics, 

 architecture and mechanics must furnish 

 their several contributions, which it is 

 the province of the artist to apply. 

 After the illustrious Linnajus published 

 his system of Nature, botany became a 

 popular science, and a variety of in- 

 teresting elementary works awakened 



