L I S 



355 



LOA 



put half an inch in depth of damp sand, 

 and on this, being first pressed flat, the 

 seed is to be sown, and covered with a 

 little dry river-sand. Cover the top of 

 the pot with a piece of glass, and keep 

 in a temperature ot 70^. Mever water 

 on the top, but keep in a pan con- 

 stantly supplied with water. When the 

 seedlings arc three weeks old, prick 

 out singly into sixties: the compost as 

 before, with plenty of drainage. When 

 established give water abundantly, both 

 in the pans and over the foliage, and 

 keep in a temperature of about 80='. 

 In August top them at every joint, and 

 six weeks after shift into forty-eights. 

 Give water now only in pans — for the 

 surface of the earth must be kept dry — 

 once a fortnight in dry weather, else 

 once a month; and retain the plants 

 through the winter in a temperature be- 

 tween 503 and qo^. As February closes 

 remove them to a temperature of about 

 75", moving them, as soon as vegeta- 

 tion is renewed, into eights. They now 

 require a high temperature, about 80'' 

 or So*-', abundance of water, and some 

 liquid-manure. If kept in a pit during 

 the winter, they must not at first, when 

 moved into a house, be exposed to the 

 sun's rays. They will bloom in July, 

 and continue in flower two or three 

 months, if supplied abundantly with 

 water or liquid manure. Dryness of 

 soil occasions a speedy fall of the blos- 

 soms. — Johnson''s Gardener's Almanack. 

 .LISSANTHE. Seven species. Green- 

 house evergreen shrubs. Young cut- 

 tings in spring. Sandy peat. Kepot 

 into larger pots before moving from 

 green-house in summer. 



LISSOCHILUS roseus. Stove epi- 

 phvte. Offsets. Peat and potsherds. 



LISTS, for fiistening trees against 

 walls, are usually merely shreds ol" 

 woollen cloth cut into lengths varying 

 from two to four inches. Strips of very 

 thin sheet-lead are preferable as not 

 harbouring insects; and, if there be 

 any truth in electricity being beneficial 

 to growing plants, lead thus employed 

 should improve their growth ; for, with 

 the nails, it forms a gentle galvanic 

 battery. Wires and twine have been 

 recommended to tie the branches to the 

 walls; but the process is tedious, and 

 cuts are inflicted, inducing gum and 

 canker. Shreds of a black, blue, or red 

 colour look best, harmonizing with that 

 of the leaves. If old lists are re-em- 



ployed they should be previously boiled 

 to destroy the larvae of insects. 



LITHOSPERMUM. Fifteen species. 

 Chiefly hardy, herbaceous, and ever- 

 green perennials. L.dispernum and L. 

 tenuifiorum are annuals. L. dislichum, 

 and L. scabrum arc green-house herba- 

 ceous. Seed or cuttings. Light calca- 

 reous soil. 



LITT.^^A geminiflora. Green-house 

 evergreen perennial. Suckers. Sandy 

 loam. 



LIVISTONIA. Two species. Stove 

 palms. Seed. Sandy loam. 



LOAM is a very indefinite term: al- 

 most every cultivator of the soil asso- 

 ciates with it a diff"erent explanation. 

 In some parts of England clay is so 

 called, and in others it is employed to 

 designate brick-earth! As usually em- 

 ployed, it really is only synonymous 

 with the word soil ; for it has to be 

 qualified by the terms turfy, sandy, 

 clayey, and chalky, just as turf, sand, 

 clay, or chalk predominate. Then, 

 what is hazel loam ? Why, no other 

 than a rich friable soil, having a dark 

 brown or hazel colour, owing to the 

 [iredominance of decaying vegetable 

 matters. Before long, we hope to see 

 determined how much silica is to be 

 understood as existing in a loam termed 

 sandy, and how much alumina in that 

 which is correctly termed clayey. 



The following is the analysis of a 

 hazel loam : — 



Silica and quartz sand . . 95.0 



Alumina 3.0 



Vegetable matters . . . 5.0 



Oxide of iron 1.5 



Lime, soda, oxide of manganese 0.25 

 Gypsum, phosphate of lime,) ^ g^ 



and ciiinuion salt . . J 

 Such a loam is useful to render light 

 soils more retentive, and heavy soils 

 more porous; but, for this purpose, 

 must be applied at the rate of 100 tons 

 per acre. 



Maiden loam is soil taken from' the 

 surface of a pasture. 



LOASA. Nine species. Chiefly hardy 

 and green-house annuals. L. incana is 

 a green-house evergreen trailer. Seed. 

 Light soil. L. placei is a dangerous 

 stinging plant. Mr. Halliday, gardener 

 at Elmliam Hall, gives these directions 

 for cultivating : — 



"L. lateritia. — Plants of this, saved 

 from seeds sown in the spring, kept in 

 pots during the summer, shifted twice 



