ORG 



4Q5 



ORG 



chief orchard fruits; but to have a com- \ Let several varieties of each particu- 

 piete orchard, also quinces, medlars, lar species be chosen that ripen their 

 mulberries, service trees, filberts, nuts, fruit at different times from the earliest 

 berberries, walnuts, and chestnuts must to the latest, according to the nature of 

 be included. The two latter are par- > the different sorts, that there may be a 

 ticularly applicable for the boundaries sufficient supply of every sort during 

 of orchards, to screen the other trees their proper season ; and of apples and 

 from impetuous winds. A general or- pears, in particular, choose a much 

 chard composed of all the before men- greater quantity of the autumnal and 

 tioned fruit trees, should consist of a late ripening kinds, than the early sorts ; 

 double portion of apple trees. With but most of all of apples ; for the surn- 

 respect to the situation and aspect for mer ripening fruit is but of short dura- 

 an orchard, avoid very low damp situa- tion, only proper for temporary service ; 

 tions as much as the nature of the place but the latter ripening kinds keep sound 

 will admit: for in very wet soils no some considerable time for autumn and 

 fruit trees will prosper, nor the fruit be winter use. The arrangement of the 

 fine; but a moderately low situation, trees in the orchard must be in rows, 

 free from copious wet, may be more each kind separate, at distances ac- 

 eligible than an elevated ground, as cordini: to the nature of growth of 

 being less exposed to tempestuous i the different sorts; but for the larger 

 winds; though a situation having a growing kinds, such as apples, pears, 

 small declivity is very desirable, espe- plums, cherries, &c., they should stand 

 cially if its aspect incline towards the from twenty-five to thirty or forty feet 

 east, souih-east, or south, which are every way asunder, though twenty-five 

 rather more eligible than a westerly or thirty feet at most is a reasonable 

 aspect; but a north aspect is the worst distance for all these kinds. Each spe- 

 cies and its varieties should generally 

 be in rows by themselves, the better 

 to suit their respective modes of growtti. 

 Stake the new planted trees, to support 

 them in their proper position, and se- 

 cure them from being rocked to and 



of all for an orchard, unless particu 

 larly compensated by the peculiar tem 

 perament or good quality of the soil. 

 Any common field or pasture that pro- 

 duces good crops of corn, grass, or 

 kitchen garden vegetables, is suitable 

 for an orchard ; if it should prove of a ! fro by the wind, which would greatly 



loamy nature, it will be a particular 

 advantage ; any soil, however, of a good 

 quality, not too light and dry, or too 

 heavy, stubborn, or wet, but of a me- 

 dium nature, friable and open, with not 

 less than one spade deep of good staple, 

 will be proper. 



Preparation of the Ground. — The 

 preparation of the ground for the re- 

 ception of the trees is by trenching one 

 or two spades, as the soil will admit. 

 And if in grass, turn the sward clean 

 to the bottom of each trench, which 

 will prove an excellent manure. The 



retard their rooting afresh, placing two 

 or three strong tall stakes to each tree ; 

 but the most effectual method is to have 

 three stakes to each, placed in a trian- 

 gle, meeting at top near the head of 

 the tree, wrapping a hayband round 

 that part of the stem, to prevent its 

 being barked by the stakes or tying; 

 then tie the stakes at top close to the 

 tree with some proper bandage, bring- 

 ing it close about the stem and stake* 

 together, over the hay wrapping, so as 

 to secure the tree firmly in an erect 

 posture. If laid down in grass no cai- 



ground must be fenced securely against tie should be turned in to graze at 

 cattle, &c., either with a good ditch [ large, unless the stem of each tree is 

 and hedge, or with a paling fence, as i previously well secured with posts and 



may be most convenient. 



railing, or wattled with thorn bushes, 



Method of Planting; the Trees. — The especially in young orchards, otherwise 

 season for planting all the sorts of fruit I they will bark the trees; nor bIioiiUI 

 trees is autumn, soon after the fall of j large cattle l)e turned into orchards, 

 the leaf, from about the latter end of; where the branches of the trees are yet 

 October until December, though it may low and within their reach. — Abercrorn- 

 be performed any time in open weather, I bie. See Tree-Guard. 

 from October until March or April ; on ORCHIDEOUS PLANTS are chiefly 

 light land the autumn is usually pre- 1 herbaceous, a very few are even semi- 

 ferred, on heavy land the spring is best. 1 frutescent ; but all are characterized 



