PAN 



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rules can be formed to govern this ing up in all directions, and they will 

 point.'" — Gard. Chron. blossom beautifully, if the subsoil be 



So27 used by the best Pansey growers congenial to them. If laid in the soil, 

 round Manchester, is the surface soil of cuttings of the choicest pansies may be 

 an old pasture and partially decomposed ' taken off at any season, even in the 

 cow-dung, about one part of the latter depth of winter. If it is convenient for 

 to two of the former. the amateur to procure them at that sea- 



Bed. — This should have a southeast son, he may lay the whole cutting be- 

 aspect, unshaded by trees, but very neath the surface, either in coil or 

 sheltered Irom wind, be three feet wide, longitudinally, so that it is not buried 

 ■with a path all round, and then, having ' above half an inch or a little more. It 

 dug out the soil, be made eight inches ' will spring up at most of the joints in 

 deep of the above compost. The edges due season vigorous and healthy." — 

 supported with slate. I Gard. Chron. 



Propagation. — By Seed. — Sow, as | Box for exhibiting Blooms. — Dr. 

 soon as it is ripe, or any time in spring Lindley says, that — " the best construct- 

 or summer will do, in pans of the same cd box for exhibiting twenty-four Hearts- 

 compost plunged in an open border, ease is made of deal, of the following 

 In six weeks the seedlings appear, dimensions, viz., twenty inches long. 

 Save seed from the best shaped flowers, one wide, and five inches deep; the 

 impregnating these mother plants with lid was made to unhinge; a sheet of 

 pollen from bright-eyed flowers. Gather ! zinc was fitted inside, resting upon a 

 the seed pods as they ripen. i rim ; four rows of six holes each were 



By Cuttings. — The best season is mid i cut in the zinc at three inches apart, 

 August. Take short jointed cuttings ' under each hole was a zinc tube sol- 

 from the approved plants, and insert dered to the plate, and intended to 

 their stems about two inches deep in contain the water. The apertures to 

 some of the compost in a north border, admit the flower should be made in the 

 covering with a hand-glass. They will : form of a keyhole, as it will admit part 

 have rooted in a month, then pot them, of the calyx and keep the flower in a 

 and keep in a dry situation until frost flat position, the outside may be paint- 

 arrives, then put them in a cold frame i ed green, but the zinc plate should be 

 plunged in coal ashes, covering the painted of a dead white." — Gard. 

 frame with a mat when frost is severe, j Chron. 



and never letting the sunshine come Insects. — The worst animal foes of 

 upon them during frosty weather, but 1 the Pansey are the slug and the snail, 

 admit air freely. To destroy and keep away these ver- 



Planting in Bed. — Do this early in Imin, water the bed late of an evening 

 April, in dry weather, placing the plants j in moist weather with lime water, and 

 in rows twelve inches apart each way. sprinkle the surface pretty thickly with 

 Shade for a few days; and if night frosts fresh wood ashes. See Agromyza. 

 occur shade them from the sun during ! Disease. — The Pansey is liable to 

 the day after. They require no after- root-rot, if the soil is not well drained, 

 culture but frequent hoeing ; never give If grown in light, fresh earth, in an 

 water even in the driest summers, but j open border, it is never subject to the 

 at such seasons cover the surface of the I disease. If a plant, which shows by 

 bed with fresh cow-dung, sprinkled its yellow hue that infection has oc- 

 over with earth, to keep it from being curred, be taken up, the decayed roots 

 unsightly. I removed, and it be transplanted into a 



Winter Protection. — Mr. Mearns, of , soil and situation such as I have de- 

 the Manchester Zoological Gardens, scribed, it will speedily send forth fresh 



recommends the Pansey grower, " in^ 

 stead of using frames and glasses, which 

 are not always at hand, to trim and 

 clean the ground, and loosen the sur- 



radicles, and recover its vigour. 

 PANSEY FLY. Agromyza. 

 PANTILES. See Bricks. 

 PAPAVER. Poppy. Twenty-six 



face carefully, and then to cover the | species and many varieties. Hardy 

 whole of the plants about half an inch herbaceous and annuals. The former 

 deep with a good rich compost. In the j are increased by division, the latter by 

 spring the plants will be found perfectly i seed ; light rich loam, 

 protected, and every extremity spring- 1 PAPER LIGHTS were never much 

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