PEA 



428 



PEA 



lowing spring pruning, the laterals, rf, each side shoot; the first about three 



which had been nailed to the wall, are inches from the stem, as the bud may 



loosened and tied to their main shoot, suit, and the other at the end of the 



e, and the upright shoot shortened to shortened shoots, so as to double the 



three buds, as before. leading shoots. The upright shoot is 



" At the end of the third summer the always cut at three of the lowest and 



laterals will be doubled on the old wood most suitable buds, so that the stem may 



by one having sprung from the base of be kept as short as possible ; for, unless 



the shoot tied in, g, and another from the side shoots are multiplied, the stem 



its extremity, /i. lu the pruning of the gets too high. If the side shoots are 



p. .„_ strong the year after cutting down, they 



^^ ; may be laid in their whole length ; but 



[if weak, they must be cut short to give 



[ them strength. Continue in this way to 



double the side shoots for two or three 



years, by which the tree will get 



strength, and then it will admit of the 



side shoot being shortened to about 



fourteen inches. Cut for two or three 



I years, so as to produce three shoots 



upon each side shoot, and so continue 



- „ . . ..1.1 /• . ' until there is a sufficient number of 



followmg spring the laterals of two ^^^^. ^^^^,^ ^^ j-^^^j^,, ^^^^ ^^^ji_ 



years' growth, which had borne fruit, . ,, ,J.^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ j„j„ ^ ^^^^^ 



are cut off close, and the young laterals ; ^^j cut the lateral shoots to about 



which had sprung from their base, f, 

 are loosened from the wall, and tied 



Fig. K 



eight or nine inches, taking care to cut 

 at a wood-bud ; and at the time of dis- 

 budding leave the best situated buds, 

 and those nearest the base, for the 

 future year's bearing." — Gard. Mag. 



Thinning. — Let there be a space of 

 nine inches between every brace of 

 fruit upon the weaker shoots, and sis 

 inches on the stronger. See Thinning. 

 Blistering of the Leaf. — This disease, 

 which is called by some gardeners the 

 Bladder Blight, and by the French la 

 down to succeed them ; the other late- cloque, is occasioned by more moisture 

 rals, fc, are tied in, and the uprightshoot being forced into the leaves from the 



shortened, /, as before. 



! roots than they can evacuate by expira- 



Now, or before, the side shoots will tion. Some gardeners, annotating upon 

 have to be headed down once or even this opinion, expressed by the present 

 twice, so as to increase their number, writer in the Gardener's Chronicle in 

 and regularly cover the wall. The es-; June, 1845, have concluded, because 

 tent to which this practice is carried the blistering appears more abundantly 

 will depend on the height of the wall, when cold nights succeed to hot days, 

 and the distance of the trees from each that they occasion the disorder; but 

 other ; the ultimate object being to pro- they are only the proximate cause; 

 ducea fan form, as regular as possible, those cold nights reduce the expiratory 

 of permanent wood, with no young power of the leaves, whilst the roots in 

 wood thereon, besides what is produced a soil of unreduced temperature con- 

 along the spokes of the fan, on their ' tinue to imbibe moisture, and to propel 

 upper side, at about twelve inches I it to the leaves with undiminished force, 

 apart, and the prolongation of the '. The blistering is, consequently, more 

 Bhoots. extensive. That the force with which 



" In the course of the winter or spring the sap is propelled, is quite sufficient 

 of the third year, I shorten the side to rupture the vessels in the parenchyma 

 shoots to about ten or twelve inches, as of the leaf, is evident from Dr. Hale's 

 may be most convenient for wood-buds, experiment. He found the vine pro- 

 to get two principal leading shoots from i pelled its sap with a force equal to a 



