PEA 



447 



PEA 



the stem. The wall, therefore, presents upwards for the terminal bud of each 



somewhat the appearance of the follow 

 ing figure. 



Fig. 126 



" Hitherto it is obvious, that as we 

 have doubled the number of trees, and 

 each tree has produced as many, or 

 perhaps more branches than are capable allowed, continues very luxuriant in 



to be within four or five inches of the 

 horizontal branch above. 



" If they show a disposition to grow 

 too strong, they may be deeply notched, 

 or a ring may be made round such as 

 require it, about the eighth of an inch 

 wide. In either case, let it be close to 

 the branch from which the shoots spring. 

 As they become diseased or worn out, 

 or have produced long spurs, train in a 

 young shoot by the side of any it may 

 be proper to displace, and after the se- 

 cond year cut the old one out. In case 

 a tree, after it has filled the space 



of bearing fruit, and those owing to growth, recourse may be had to the 

 stopping the leader longer than usual ; | usual methods of checking it, either by 

 so we must up to this time have double, cutting the roots or sawing the stem 

 or more than double, the usual quantity half or two-thirds through, just below 



of fruit. 



" After the temporary trees are re- 

 moved, the crops will be still larger. 

 Riders would not have answered the 

 same purpose, as they would have al- 

 ready interfered for the last two or three 



the surface of the ground, or deep 

 notches may be made on each side with 

 the chisel. A single tree may of course 

 be treated according to this plan. 



" The temporary trees, if taken up 

 with care, will certainly grow, and be 



years with the principals, that is, on a found very valuable ; they may be either 

 wall not exceeding twelve feet; and on | planted against another wall, or if of 

 this plan the temporary trees are to be | sufficiently hardy kinds, treated as espa- 

 trained three or lour years longer, during ! liers, cutting oft" the two or three upper 

 which time they may be expected to pro- pairs of branches ; in either case, young 

 duce considerable crops. The extremi- shoots are to be trained in between the 

 ties of the horizontal branch being now j old ones, as already directed for the 

 withinafootortwoofthestemofthe next I permanent trees. Should you have a 

 tree, the management of the permanent 

 trees is to be altered. Instead of pinch- 

 ing oflf all shoots as they appear, at 

 every fifteen or eighteen inches all 

 along the horizontal branches, retain a 

 well-placed shoot in an easy slanting 

 position upwards, towards the branches 

 of the temporary trees. Next year 

 continue to train them in the same di- 

 rection ; and, in order to give them 

 more room, elevate the branches of the 

 temporary trees six inches above the 

 place they have hitherto occupied 



wall with an aspect not sufficiently 

 good to ripen the fruit of these removed 

 trees, or should they be of those kinds 

 which will not come to perfection as 

 espaliers, they will nevertheless still 

 be valuable in this case. After they 

 have been removed a twelvemonth, 

 treat them according to Mr. Knight's 

 mode of changing the sort; that is, 

 leave the horizontals at very nearly the 

 full length, but cut off all the spurs, 

 leaving only bare poles at every twelve, 

 fifteen, or eighteen inches, according to 



" The third year the shoots will most the growth of the sort you intend to in- 

 likely show blossom; the free bearing troduce. 



sorts will do so in two years; but it 

 must be recollected, we are speaking 

 exclusively of the shy bearers. If 

 plenty of blossom appears, the tempo- 

 rary trees may now be taken up and 

 planted in, otherwise they may remain 

 another year. After the temporary 

 trees are removed, the young shoots, 

 which we will suppose are now fully 

 furnished with blossom buds, may be 

 trained in a direction sutlicieatly sloping 



Fig. 127. 



"On the upper side, all along the 



