PON 



474 



PON 



Green-house evergreen shrub. Young 

 cuttings. Sandy peat. 



PONDS, are reservoirs of water dug 

 out of the soil, and made retentive by 

 puddling with clay their bottoms and 

 sides. 



Puddling is necessary in almost all 

 instances and the mode of proceeding 



and marked out, it will then be neces- 

 sary to form a second or outer mark, 

 indicating the space required for the 

 wall or side puddle, and about three 

 feet is the proper space to allow for 

 this — the puddle requiring about two 

 feet, and the facing which requires to 

 be laid upon the puddle ought to be 



is thus detailed by Mr. Marnock, in the } about a foot more, making together 

 United Gardeners'' Journal. When the t three feet. Ponds may be made very 

 excavacation is formed, or partially so, I ornamental, and for suitable suggestions 



the bottom puddle near the outer edge 

 is formed, and upon this is raised the 

 upright or side puddle ; and as this 

 proceeds the ordinary clay or earth is 

 raised at the same time, and by this 

 means the upright puddle is retained in 

 its place ; and ultimately the sides, being 

 formed in a sloping direction, admit of 

 being covered with gravel or sand, and 

 may be walked upon, or stakes may be 

 driven to a considerable depth without 

 reaching the puddle or in any way in- 

 juring it; this can never be the case if 



on this point, see Water. 



PONGAMIA. Four species. Stove 

 evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. Sandy 

 loam and peat. 



PONTEDERA. Seven species. 

 Stove aquatics, except the hardy P. 

 ccErulea. Division. Rich light loam 

 in water. 



PONTHIEVA. Two species. Stove 

 orchids. Division. Sundy loam and 

 peat. 



PONTIA. A genus of butterflies of 

 which the following one is most ob- 



the puddle, as is sometimes done, be I noxious to the gardener:- 



laid upon the sloping side of the pond 

 The sides may slope rapidly, or the re- 

 verse : if the slope be considerable, 

 sand or gravel to give a clean appear- 

 ance will be the more likely to be re- 

 tained upon the facing; plants can be 

 more easily fixed and cultivated; gold- 

 fish also find in these shallow gravelly 

 parts under the leaves of the plants 

 suitable places to deposit their spawn, 

 and without this they are seldom found 

 to breed. Ponds made in this way may 

 be of any convenient size, from a couple 

 of yards upwards to as many acres. 

 The following is the section of a pond 



Fig. 137. 



P. hrassicie, the large white cabbage 

 butterfly is thus described by Mr. Kol- 

 lar : — " The wings are white ; the up- 

 per wings with broad black tips, and 

 the female has two black spots on the 

 middle. The under side of the under 

 wings is light yellow. Breadth, when 

 expanded, two inches. It appears from 

 May to October. The caterpillar is 

 bluish-green, thinly haired, and sprin- 

 kled with black dots, having a yellow 

 stripe on the back, and the same on the 

 sides. These caterpillars are found, 

 throughout the summer and autumn, 

 on all the sorts of cabbage, on horse- 

 radish, radishes, mustard, and similar 

 plants, as well as on water -cresses. 

 The pupae are yellowish-green, with 

 black dots, with a point on the head, 

 and five on the back. The best way to 

 destroy them is picking off and killing 

 the caterpillars, as well as the pupa;, 

 as far as it is possible; the latter are 

 found attached to adjacent trees, hedges, 

 and walls. But care must be taken not 

 to destroy those pupa; which have a 

 brown appearance; because they are 

 full of the larva! of ichneumons, and 

 other allied parasites, which are the 



thus formed : a indicates the surface of 



the ground at the edge of the water; 



b, the puddle ; c, the facing to preserve great scourge of these caterpillars." — 



the puddle from injury ; d, the water; \ Kollar. 



P. rapm 



Small White Cabbage But- 

 ordinary bottom. When a small pond i terfly. The following extracts are from 

 of this kind is to be made, and the ex- 1 the same good authority : — " This But- 



c, the surface of the latter ; and /, the ! 



ordinary bottom. When a small pond 



of this kind is to be made, and the ex- 1 



tent of the surface is determined upon i terfly resembles the foregoing, but is 



