S OR 



550 



SPA 



To obtain Seed. — Some plants must I evenly, the depth required, the earth 



not be gathered from, and allowed to 

 run up unchecked. They flower in the 

 course of June, July, and August, per- 

 fecting their seed in autumn. Wood- 

 sorrel never produces seed. See Ox- 

 alis. 



SORREL TREE. Andromeda arbor ea. 



SOULANGIA. Twelve species. 

 Green-house evergreen shrubs. Young 

 cuttings. Sandy peat. 



SOURSOP. A7W7ia muricala. 



SOUTHERNWOOD. Artemisia ar- 

 bor ea. 



SOUTH SEA TEA. Ilex vomitoria. 



S0WERB7EA juncca. Green-house 

 herbaceous perennial. Division. Sandy 

 loam and peat. 



SOWING. See Germination. In 

 addition a few practical directions may 

 be given. Let all sowing be done in 

 drills. For small seeds, such as let- 

 tuce, cabbage, &c., the drills may be 

 sunk by pressing the handle of the hoe 

 into the freshly dug soil ; but for larger 

 seeds, as parsneps, beet, and onions, 

 the drills must be struck with the hoe 



remaining close along the side of the 

 drill, ready for turning in again over 

 the seeds ; but where flat or shallow 

 drills are required for smaller seeds, it 

 may in many cases, be more eligible to 

 draw the drill with the hoe flatwise, 

 holding the edge in a horizontal position. 



Bedding in Sowing. — In this method 

 the ground being dug and formed in 

 four or five feet wide beds with alleys, 

 a spade width or more between bed 

 and bed, and the earth being drawn off 

 the top of the bed with a rake or spade, 

 half an inch or an inch deep into the 

 alleys, the seed is then sown all over 

 the surfiice of the bed, which being 

 done, the earth in the alleys is immedi- 

 ately drawn or cast over the bed, again 

 covering the seeds the same depth, and' 

 the surface is raked smooth. 



The method of bedding in sowing by 

 sifting, is sometimes practised for very 

 small or light seeds of a more delicate 

 nature, that require a very light cover- 

 ing of earth when sown, so in order to 

 bury them as shallow as possible, cover 



All sowing should be performed in them in by sifting fine earth over them 

 dry weather, more particularly all early out of a wire sieve. — Abercrombie. 



sowing in winter and spring ; but in hot : 

 weather, in summer and autumn, it] 



SOY. See Soja. 



SPADE. This most important of the 



may often be eligible to take advantage I gardener's tools, varies in its form and 

 of sowing immediately after a shower size. 



or moderate rain. The Common Digging Spade is of the 



The drills being at some distance largest size, being generally from four- 

 from one another, not only admit the ■ teen to sixteen inches long in the plate, 

 sun, air, and rain more effectually to and nine or ten broad, narrowing half 

 the plants, and give them a greater an inch to the bottom 



scope, than such as are sown broadcast, 

 but admit more readily the hoe between 

 the drills to cut down weeds and loosen 

 the soil 



The Middling Spade is about a foot 

 long in the plate, and seven or eight 

 inches broad, and is useful in digging 

 any narrow compartments and between 



The general method of forming drills rows of small plants, also in flower 



for the reception of seeds, is with a 

 common drawing-hoe, sometimes with 

 a large hoe, and sometimes a middling 

 or small hoe, according to the size of 

 the drill required, and size and nature 

 of the seeds; drawing the drill some- 

 limes with the corner of the hoe, espe 



beds and borders ; and in stirring and 

 fresh earthing the surface of beds occa- 

 sionally, between close placed plants 

 of long standing; planting and trans- 

 planting many sorts, both in the ground 

 and in the pots. 



The Small Spade. — Size ten or twelve 



cially for larger seeds, and sometimes inches long in the plate, and five or six 

 •with the edge of the hoe flatwise or ; wide. It is convenient in pointing-up 

 horizontally; but large seeds, such as or slight digging, and fresh earthing 

 peas, kidney beans, many of the nut | the surface between close rows of 

 kinds, and other large seeds, both of , small plants, in beds and borders, &c., 



trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, 

 require a deep angular drill, <lrawn 

 Mith the corner of the hoe, turning the 

 face or edge close to the line, so draw 

 the drill along with an angular bottom 



where neither of the two former spades 

 can be readily introduced ; likewise in 

 planting and potting many sorts of small 

 plants, taking up small roots and for 

 other light purposes. Proper garden 



