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594 



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five feet high, either a wall, paling, i up in summer than now appears neces- 



reed-fence, &c. 



sary, or than can be trained in with due 



"The trees thus planted, in spring , regularity, retrench such superfluities; 

 following, just as they begin to make an likewise any remaining fore-right or 

 effort for shooting, should be headed ' back shoots, and other irregular growths 

 down ; that is, the first shoots from the | omitted in summer, not eligibly situated 

 budding, &c., to be cut down to within for training in, should also be now all 

 three or four eyes or buds of its place i pruned out, cutting everything of the 

 of insertion in the stock, especially j above nature, both superabundances 

 those intended for dwarfs; also the and irregularities, quite close to their 

 half-standards, if worked on tall stocks; I origin, being careful, however, to leave 

 and this heading down both prevents [ all the regular, well - placed, useful 

 their running up too high with a single i shoots that can readily be trained witli 

 naked stem, branchless below, and due regularity, without crowding or 

 causes them to throw out lateral shoots crossing one another, all of which 

 from the lower part, to fill the wall or : should also be cleared from all lateral 

 espalier regularly with branches quite or side shoots, if any ; and with respect 

 from the bottom upward ; for they will ^ to their being shortened more or less, 

 soon after push forth strong shoots from or left entire, you will order, according 

 all the remaining lower buds, which to your discretion, agreeably to the 

 shoots, when of due length, in summer, above-mentioned hints, 

 should be trained along to the fence, | " Thus, having obtained a regular 

 equally to the right and left, at full spread of branches sufficient to eff'ect 

 length, till next spring, when these the proper expansion requisite to form 

 shoots may also be cut down to six or I a trained wall or espalier tree, they 

 eight inches' length, to force out a ! must then be pruned according to the 

 further supply of more branches near : method peculiar to each respective sort 

 the bottom. Continue shortening, more ' of fruit, as directed in their culture, 

 or less, the two or three first sprigs on | each under its proper genus. Training 

 the last summer's shoots, as you shall ; espalier trees is effected exactly in the 

 see necessary, in order to obtain a pro- manner as above, only these may be 

 per spread of lower branches to give also trained as they stand in the nurse- 

 the tree its intended form. Though this ' ry lines, in the open quarters or bor- 

 work of pruning short, to obtain laterals, i ders, &c., by ranging some stout stakes 

 may also be performed occasionally in 1 in the ground, along one side of each 

 summer, in May, or early in June, on tree. Where a general luxuriancy pre- 

 the strong young shoots of the year, ; vails, while under the course of train- 

 cutting or pinching them down to a ing, or after, it is advisable, in the work 

 few eyes, and they will thereby throw of pruning, to use the knife with mode- 

 out lower laterals the same season, and, ration ; for the more wood we cut out 

 by that means, a year's growth is gained. ' of a generally vigorous tree, and the 

 Branches thus gained arrive to proper j more the shoots are shortened, the more 

 length in summer for training in ; they , vigorous will it continue to shoot with- 

 should all be trained along close to the 'out ever becoming properly fruitful ; 

 wall ; and if any fore-right or back , and if severe cutting is repeatedly 

 shoots come out, rub them all off close, continued, the tree often exhausts so 

 leaving the well-placed side shoots in greatly by luxuriant shooting, that it 

 every part; and let the whole, or as | suddenly assumes a weak consumptive 

 many as possible, be trained in during state. Such trees as are vigorous only 

 this season, to have plenty to choose in particular shoots, may, in some cases, 

 from in the general pruning season of have such shoots radically retrenched, 

 winter or spring — train equally to the | and in others reserved ; that if a very 

 right and left on each side of the tree, i vigorous shoot runs considerably strong- 

 in a spreading somewhat horizontal er than all the rest, and seems to sup- 

 manner, nowhere crossing one another, ' port its vigour at the expense of the 

 but ^t parallel distances, and mostly others in its neighbourhood, it should 

 all at full length during the summer's be retrenched to the very origin, as 



growth. 



early in summer as discoverable. In 



In the winter pruning we are to other cases, if a luxuriant shoot arise 

 observe that, if more wood was trained in any vacant space towards the hot- 



