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696 



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which becomes very firm and tough by j exhibit no appearance of having been 

 the arrival of winter, whence the rigi- i removed. In the first place, we make 

 dity always observable in the foliage of | the hole where the tree is intended to 

 evergreen trees and shrubs. Such a be placed sulliciently large for tlie roots 

 coating as this is capable, in a much | to be extended at full length ; and, in 

 less degree than one of a thinner tex- removing the tree, great care is taken 

 ture, such as we find upon deciduous to avoid cutting or injuring tiie roots, 

 plants, of parting with aqueous vapour ; If a ball of earth is retained so much 

 and, moreover, its stomates are few, the better, as it will assist in steadying 

 small, comparatively in active, and ; the tree ; but, if well staked, it is not 

 chiefly confined to the under side, of much importance. As it is essential 

 where they are less exposed to dryness that the roots be as little exposed to the 

 that if they were on the upper side also, atmosphere as possible, we provide 



" But although evergreens, from their suflicient earth, either sifted or finely 

 structure, are not liable to be affected , reduced by a spade or rake, and have 

 by the same external circumstances as in readiness as many buckets of water 

 deciduous plants in the same degree ; as will nearly fill the hole; the tree is 

 and although, therefore, transplanting then placed in its intended position ; the 

 an evergreen in leaf is not the same whole of the water is then thrown over 

 thirg as transplanting a deciduous tree the roots, the fibres of which will be 

 in the same condition, yet it must be supported by it. The fine earth is then 

 obvious that the great extent of perspir- ', expeditiously sprinkled over the surface 

 ing surface upon the one, however low of the water, and, gradually subsiding, 

 its action, constitutes much difficulty, fills all the interstices, and gives sta- 

 superadded to whatever difficulty there bility to the tree, which is further se- 

 may be in the other case. , cured by three stakes placed at right 



" Hence we are irresistibly driven to angles, which finishes the operation, 

 the conclusion that whatever care is re- i The earth must not be trodden, as is 



quired in the selection of a suitable 

 season damp, and not too cold for a 

 deciduous tree, is still more essential 

 for an evergreen." — Theory of Hort. 

 It sometimes happens that transplant- 



ing has to be performed at the most in- abbreviation : — 



often done." — Card. Chron. 



The following observations, in the 

 Gardener's Chronicle, so epitomize all 

 that is practically essential in trans- 

 planting, that it is extracted with little 



auspicious seasons ; and when this is the 

 case the following directions, given by 

 Mr. Williamson, of the Sheffield Bo- 

 tanic Garden, may be followed with 

 success : — 



" At the Sheffield Botanical Gardens 



' In the removal of large trees or 

 shrubs, first form the pit, where the 

 plant is to be planted, from twelve to 

 fourteen inches wider than the roots 

 will reach. 



" In lifting laurels, and other ever- 



we have for some time practised what greens, always bind up the plant with 

 we terra the U'<ashing in-system, which strong straw ropes, tying one end of the 

 has been attended with success in every rope to one of the strong branches in 

 instance. Indeed, I doubt not that by the ceijtre of the plant, and, taking up 

 this method trees of considerable size all the branches, draw into as small a 

 may be removed, at any season of the compass as possible, without injuring 

 year, with safety. Towards the latter the plant. Clear the roots, and, sup- 

 end of last May I had occasion to form posing the plant to be a common laurel, 

 a block or screen, in a situation fully six or eight feet high, begin as many 

 exposed to the sun, for which purpose feet from the main stem, and cut a 

 I transplanted a number of tall trees trench round the plant at the said dis- 

 and evergreens, not one of which was tance, as deep as it may be supposed 

 injured by the removal ; and early this the roots have gone down ; then reduce 

 May we disposed of upwards of a dozen , the ball by degrees with a fork, clean- 



large horse-chestnuts, Spanish ditto, 

 limes, sycamore, and birches, all from 

 ten to eighteen feet high, in full leaf, to 

 a gentleman in this neighbourhood, the 

 planting of which I superintended. All 



ing out the soil with a spade, and taking 

 care not to injure any of the roots or 

 fibres. These tie up in trusses with 

 matting, in order to prevent them, as 

 much as possible, from being injured. 



at this time (a fortnight subsequently) , Clear the roots to within two or three 



