TUR 



613 



TUR 



Alumina 1.35 



Oxide of iron 1.73 



manganese . . . 0.32 



Lime 0.62 



Magnesia 0.33 



Potash, combined with sulphu- 

 ric acid 0.38 



Comtnon salt 0.08 



Sulphuric acid, combined with 



potash and lime .... 1.70 

 Phosphoric acid, combined 



with lime and magnesia . 0.39 

 TURF TOOLS are the liacer or Rut- shrubs 

 ter, for cutting the edges of turf after it perennial; and T. racemosa a hardy an 



which point the iron is slightly bent 

 longitudinally to admit the thickness of 

 wood underneath, and give a proper 

 inclination to the handle. The instru- 

 ment serves both as a grass rake and a 

 daisy rake, and has the advantage over 

 the daisy rakes in common use, of being 

 easier cleaned, from the wideness of 

 the interstices between the teeth. — 

 Card. Mag. 



TURNER A. Eleven species. 



Stove annuals, biennials, and evergreen 



J". /r/on//?o;-ft is an herbaceous 



has been laid, and for cutting tlie out 

 lines of the turves when first obtained. 

 It is a thin sharp edged implement, 

 somewhat rcsemblin 



fixed to a handle about four feet Ion 

 Fig. 173 



nual. Seeds, and the shrubby kinds by 

 cuttings. Rich soil. 



TURNIP. Brassica rapa. " The 

 a cheese-cutter, ' turnip is a biennial plant, growing 

 in a wild state in some parts of Eng- 

 land, but better known as an inha- 

 bitant of the garden and farm. There 

 are an immense variety: to cultivate 

 all is not so desirable as to plant 

 such as are tlie more valuable. Those 

 which we deem best for family use are 

 the Early Dutch and Red Top, for au- 

 tumn and early winter supply. The 

 Yellow Aberdeen, Golden Maltese, 

 Ruta Baga (or Swedish), are not so much 

 esteemed in the autumn, but remain 

 firm and solid until late in the spring, 

 (when most other kinds have become 

 pithy,) and are then fine. The Large 

 Globe, and Norfolk Turnip, and the 

 Ruta Baga, are principally cultivated 

 for cattle. 



*' The main sowings of all the kinds 

 recommended for family use, are made 

 in the vicinity of Philadelphia from 

 about the middle of August to the first 

 of September. If sown earlier they are 

 A Turf or Daisy Rake consists of a ^?^ ^" '*^'l'^^'' '^"'^ ''"^'3' flavoured," and 

 piece of thin plate iron, cut into teeth, 'J sown later do not generally attain 

 with two slips of ash, or other tough '"*' growth. The Ruta Baga, Globe and 

 wood, between which it is firmly rivet- ^°^^o^^ require more time to perfect 

 ed to form a back, and keep it from '''*""^^'''^^! ^""^ therefore about - 



The Turfing Inm is f(ir raising or 

 peeling off the turves from the soil. It 

 lias an arrow-headed flat blade, with an 

 angular handle, thus : — 



Fig. 174 



^ 



bending. When put together, the back 

 is an inch and a quarter thick. The 

 wood is beveled to nothing, half an inch 

 above the interstices of the teeth, at 



month earlier. The more rapidly the 

 root is produced the more tender and 

 well flavoured it will be. Those which 

 are intended for the spring supply should 

 be topped very closely, else when the 

 weather becomes mild, the crown will 

 start, and the root soon gets pithy and 

 unfit for use. 



" Spring sowings seldom answer a 

 good purpose : the Early Dutch and 

 Red Top are, however, best. 



" Should a long continued drought 

 prevail at the time recommended for 

 sowing in the autuoin, some difficulty 



