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may he experienced in getting the seed ! moved, and, in other respects, be treat- 

 to vegetate, (unless it be small patches | ed as turnips in preparing them for 



in the garden, which can be shaded and 

 watered.) The only resource is, to 

 make several sowings in freshly dug or 

 ploughed ground. 



" If the seed has lain long, say two 

 or three weeks, without vegetating, 

 should a shower come, the safer plan 

 will be to re-plough or harrow the 

 ground, and make a fresh sowing. 



" Frequently the ' fly' proves very 

 destructive, preying upon the young 

 plants when in so early a stage that 1 

 they can scarcely be seen without close 

 inspection. To counteract them it has | 

 been recommended to soak the seed in ' 

 sulphur water — an ounce of sulphur to j 

 a pint of water. A mixture of quick- 

 lime, ashes, and soot, sprinkled over; 

 them, is frequently effectual. I 



« The crop may be put in either broad 

 cast, or in drills, raking the seed well 

 in. The latter plan is the better, and 

 if sown on very dry ground during hot 

 weather, it is safer to roll the land im- 

 mediately afterw;ird. Observe, the land 

 cannot be too rich for this crop; old sod, 

 or newly cleared land, produces the 

 largest and finest flavoured roots." — 

 Rural Register. 



To obtain Seed, some of the most per- 

 fect roots of those which will withstand 

 the winter may remain where grown; 

 or they may be transplanted in February 

 or March. 



The plants must stand a foot apart 

 each way ; be carefully freed of weeds, 

 and especial care taken to keep away 

 birds, as they are particularly voracious 

 of the seed of this, and of all other spe- 

 cies of brassica. When ripe in July or 

 August, the stalks are cut; and when 

 perfectly dry, the seed beaten out and 

 stored. No two varieties must be al- 

 lowed to grow together. 



Manures. — The best manure for tur- 

 nips is stable dung; and next in their 

 order, guano, super-phosphate of lime, 

 soot, and salt. 



For the injuries to which the turnip 

 is liable, see Athalia, Ambury, and 

 Black Fly. 



Turnip-cabbage {Brassica napo-bras- 

 sica), and turnip-rooted cabbage (B. 

 caulo-rapa). These species of brassica 

 are but little cultivated, and, at most, a 

 very small quantity of each is in request 



Varieties. — Of the turnip-cnhbace, 

 which is so named on account of the 

 round fleshy protuberance that is form- 

 ed at the upper end of the stem, there 

 are four varieties: — 



1. White turnip-cabbage. 



2. Purple turnip-cabbage. 



3. Fringed turnip-cabbage. 



4. Dwarf early turnip-cabbage. 

 Of the turnip-rooted cabbage, which 



is distinguished from the above by its 

 root having the protuberance near the 

 origin of the stem, there are two varie- 

 ties, the white and the red. 



Sowing. — They are propagated by 

 seed, which may be sown broadcast or 

 in drills, at monthly intervals, in small 

 quantities, from the commencement of 

 April until the end of June. 



Planting. — The best mode is to sow 

 thin, in drills two feet and a half apart, 

 and allow the plants to remain where 

 sown, the plants being thinned to a 

 similar distance apart; or, if sown 

 broadcast, to allow them to remain in 

 the seed-bed until of sufficient size to 

 be removed into rows, at similar dis- 

 tances, for production, rather than, as 

 is the practice of some gardeners, to 

 transplant them, when an inch or two 

 in height, in a shady border, in rows 

 three inches apart each way, to be 

 thence removed as above stated. 



Water must be given every night after 

 a removal until the plants are again 

 established ; and afterwards, in dry 

 weather, occasionally as may appear 

 necessary. 



Earth may be drawn up to the stem 

 of the turnip-cabbage as to other species 

 of brassica; but the bulb of the turnip- 

 rooted must not be covered with the 

 mould. For directions to obtain seed, 

 &c., see Brocoli, Turnip, &c. 

 TURNIP-FLY. See Black Fly. 

 TURNSOLE. Heliotropium. 

 TURPENTINE. Silphium terebintha- 

 ceum. 



TURPENTINE MOTH. See Tor- 

 trix resinella. 



TURPENTINE TREE. Pistaciate- 

 rebinthus. 



TURR.ffiA. Five species. Stove 

 evergreen trees. Cuttings. Loam, peat, 



Thebulbs.forwhichtheyarecultivated, and sand. 



must have their thick outer skin re- 1 TUSSILAGO. Twelve species. 



