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DUAL USE O F DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY : The Navy has long recognized that 

 our infrastructure and capabilities are not just Navy assets, but are of 

 significant value to national activities in oceanography. We believe, in fact, that 

 we have a traditional commitment to work with the national oceanographic 

 community to promote and ensure effective coordination, and transition of data 

 and capabilities, where security issues are not involved and there are no 

 mission impacts. Civil benefits from Naval Oceanography include charting, 

 navigation, typhoon warnings, oceanographic data bases, ice forecasting, 

 precise time, technology development, deep sea research, underwater 

 acoustics, satellite remote sensing, and underwater vehicles. 



I would like to take this opportunity to outline some of our past activities 

 in dual use and applications, and to specifically highlight some of the efforts 

 that have been ongoing most recently. In the interest of time, I will focus on 

 a number of specific examples, such as: GEOSAT and GEOSAT FOLLOW-ON; 

 declassification of data; various applications of the Integrated Undersea 

 Surveillance System; and use of submarines for Arctic science. 

 Satellite TechnoloQv : The Navv GEOSAT satellite was launched in March 1 985 

 with a primary mission, to measure the earth's shape, or geoid, with a high 

 degree of horizontal and vertical accuracy, which was accomplished within 1 8 

 months. Because of the strategic importance of this data, it was initially 

 classified. Subsequently, the Navy declassified all of the Geodetic Mission 

 (GM) data acquired by GEOSAT south of 30 degrees South for release through 

 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In addition, 

 wind and wave data, which GEOSAT also measured, were released from the 



