11 



land surface characteristics. A total of seven SSM/I's are scheduled 

 to be launched through the next decade. SSM/I data and derived 

 products are unclassified and made available to the civilian com- 

 munity in near realtime through NOAA. In fact, NOAA recently 

 utilized SSM/I data to vividly demonstrate the extent of flooding in 

 the Midwest. 



The Navy has made available its Deep Submergence Vehicles 

 Turtle and Seacliff and its nuclear submarine NR-1 for civilian 

 oceanographic and deep sea research. Approximately 60 days of ci- 

 vilian use is available each year, and perhaps as many as 120 days 

 per year could be provided if additional funds for civilian use were 

 made available to the civilian research community. 



The U.S. Navy takes approximately 150 expendable bathyther- 

 mograph or temperature observations per day for operational use. 

 In addition to supporting naval operations, these observations are 

 important for a number of civilian applications, including ocean 

 and global climate change modelling. The U.S. Navy declassifies 

 most of these data after 30 days, thereby contributing approximate- 

 ly 55,000 observations per year to the public domain data base. 

 These data are sent to NOAA's National Oceanographic Data 

 Center for archives and unrestricted distribution. 



The Navy's Integrated Undersea Surveillance System is a highly 

 capable military system that provides an unmatched acoustic ob- 

 servatory into the ocean for both Navy and civilian applications. 

 lUSS has the potential to contribute to nationally important scien- 

 tific and civil applications, as well as to develop advanced acoustic 

 remote sensing means to better understand the dynamics and three 

 dimensional temperature structure of the ocean. Recognizing that 

 potential, as Dr. Baker and Dr. Oswald indicated, the Navy has 

 supported various R&D projects using lUSS assets, such as the 

 Heard Island Experiment, the Acoustic Thermometry of the Ocean 

 Program, marine mammal monitoring, marine seismology, and 

 fisheries law enforcement. Descriptions of these applications have 

 been provided by other witnesses, as well as in my written testimo- 

 ny. It is important to note that Navy has undertaken these cooper- 

 ative efforts by making special security arrangements where neces- 

 sary and on a not-to-interfere basis. We have cleared scientists and 

 provided them with access to selected elements of lUSS , in accord- 

 ance with strict security guidelines. 



It is fairly obvious that lUSS capabilities are a focal point for 

 dual use and the various activities being pursued indicate the great 

 potential of this resource. For sake of clarification, I would like to 

 point out that lUSS is an operational system with resource spon- 

 sorship coming under the direction of the Office of the Chief of 

 Naval Operations and program management under the direction of 

 the Naval Space and Warfare Systems Command. In short, this is a 

 success story with credit going to all those involved in supporting 

 and demonstrating the use of this Navy asset. 



The Navy will conduct the first undersea Arctic science cruise 

 for the U.S. Science community at the end of this month. Five civil- 

 ian scientists will get underway in USS Pargo (SSN-650) for 19 

 days. Forty-five experiments in the areas of global climate change, 

 geological evolution of the Arctic Ocean basins, movement and 

 changes of the permanent ice pack, and the Arctic Ocean's biologi- 



