9 



As Dr. Baker illustrated, that has changed with this application 

 of the SOSUS system. Certainly, the oceans play a major role in 

 climate change and Navy technology can benefit science here also. 

 At present, our understanding of the ocean storage and air-sea ex- 

 change of both energy and gases is very primitive. But it is really 

 key to understanding the global impact of environmental change 

 and how the ocean interacts with the atmosphere. 



Our SERDP projects will again pick this up as the bridge be- 

 tween the demonstration. SERDP will now pick up those programs 

 and the vehicle by which we will fund those programs for the 

 future for this dual use application. 



In conjunction with the Navy and other research institutions, the 

 Army is also conducting research on the physical, eletromagnetic 

 and optical properties of sea ice. This is being done at our Cold Re- 

 gions Laboratory and it is focusing on remote sensing signatures 

 from satellite observation and how these signatures evolve with 

 time as the ice thickness grows and decays. 



The goal of these studies is to make better use of satellite and 

 airborne remote sensing technology to determine ice conditions. 

 The emphasis is to distinguish on ice types, surface conditions and 

 possibly ice thickness. This program is basically going to use also 

 the historical data that has been collected by the Navy submarine 

 force and to use those profiles, along with this, will establish the 

 baseline by which we can evaluate climate change as well as 

 change in the ice cap and we will be able to use this because we 

 will have a data base which extends over the past 35 years. 



Many of these DOD systems show promise of improving our 

 knowledge and understanding of the oceans and we are actively in- 

 vestigating the viability of these dual use applications. However, 

 these systems and data bases were developed and fielded to fulfill 

 specific military needs and missions and they continue to do so. 

 Both the intelligence community and DOD are currently investi- 

 gating the issues associated with a broader release of environmen- 

 tally relevant classified data. These reviews cover classified data 

 collected or provided by satellites, aircraft, and land sea-based sys- 

 tems. Recommendations for release or downgrading of classified 

 material will consider benefits to the scientific and government 

 policy communities as well as ensuring that we do not risk nation- 

 al security. 



At least some of the deliberations of the various reviewing orga- 

 nizations are expected to be completed in the fall of this year. 



In addition, there are issues concerning the cost associated with 

 making these data routinely available to the scientific community. 

 Again, these issues are currently being studied and have to be re- 

 solved before we move to full implementation. 



I would like to close by saying these are just some of the DOD 

 capabilities which can improve our understanding of oceans and 

 global change. These technologies represent a new set of eyes and 

 ears that the nonmilitary scientific community did not have before. 

 The application of this DOD research and technology will rapidly 

 expand the availability of ocean-related scientific information. 



As directed by Congress the SERDP program in partnership with 

 the DOD and intelligence communities is playing a key role in 



