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understanding the entire air-sea-seafloor eco-system. At present, this 

 understanding does not exist. The TEM/EC can also be used to evaluate the 

 structural strength and sediment stability of very soft sediments. Such 

 knowledge is essential for the design and site selection of structures In 

 soft-bottom, shallow water areas. 



An exciting use of the TEM/EC capability is in biomedical research. 

 This system offers the capability to observe the living receptors that 

 control the activity of cells, such as the insulin receptor. Presently, the 

 cells must be destroyed before viewing, but EC technology does not 

 require this for accurate measurements. Other areas of similar potential 

 for use of the TEM/EC include the petroleum industry; chemical and 

 related industries; colloidal chemistry; fine particle analysis; 

 biochemical studies of marine organisms; atmospheric particulate 

 studies; pollution in air, water, soils, and other sediments; material 

 sciences; hydrology; agriculture; ceramic technology; etc. 



CNR is sponsoring a number of major research efforts focussed on 

 improving our understanding of coastal ocean and atmospheric circulation, 

 and coastal sediment transport. These have significant promise in such 

 areas as improving coastal environmental quality, coastal recreational 

 safety, and understanding the ebb and flow of the sand on beaches. CNR has 

 had cooperative projects with the US Army Corp of Engineers (USACE), NSF 

 and USGS in these projects. 



These efforts have all had or offer the prospect for cooperative 

 research efforts with a variety of federal agencies (NOAA, DOE, EPA, 

 USGS, NSF, NASA, USACE) and the civilian community. 



SUMMARY 



The overall impression I wish to leave with you is that the Navy's 

 S&T community has a significant history and track record in state-of-the- 

 art technology development and is an important and integral component of 

 the U.S. and international oceanographic and marine atmospheric 

 environmental research effort. Although the CNR S&T efforts are 

 undertaken to improve the design, development and utilization of Naval 

 systems, the technology developed often has wide and valuable application 

 to civilian sector problems and programs. 



