34 TRANSPLANTING TREES. 



wood there, in consequence, will make but little growth, while on the 

 feeble parts, deprived ot fruit, the sap will all be appropriated by the 

 growing parts, and they will increase in size and strength. 



" 3. Bend the strong 2^«r/s and keep the 'weak erect. The more 

 erect the branches and stem are, the greater will be the flow of sap 

 to the growing parts : hence, the feeble parts being erect, attract 

 much more sap than the strong parts inclined, and, consequently, 

 make a more vigorous* growth, and soon recover their balance. This 

 remedy is more especially applied to espalier trees. 



" 4. Remove fn.vfi the virjorous parts the superjianus shoots ai 

 early in the season as possible, and from the fetble parts as late as pos- 

 sible. The fewer the number of young shoots there are on a branch, 

 the fewer there are of leaves, and, consequently, the less is the sap 

 attracted there. Hence, in leaving the young shoots on the feeble 

 parts, their leaves attract the sap there, and induce a vigorous growth. 



" 5. Pinch early the soft extremities of the shoots on the vigorous 

 parts, and as late as possible on the feeble parts, excepting ahvays 

 any shoots which may be too viijorous for their position. By thus 

 pinching early the strong parts, the flow of sap to such points is checked,* 

 and naturally turns to the growing parts that have not been pinched ; 

 this remedy is applicable to trees in all forms. 



" 6. Lay in the strong sh:,ots on the trellis early., and leave the fee- 

 ble j^rts loose as long as possible. Laying in the strong parts ob- 

 structs the circulation of the sap in them, and, consequently favors 

 the weak parts that are loose. This is only applicable to espaliers, 



" 7. In espalier trees, giving the feeble parts the benefit of the light., 

 and confining the strong parts more in the shade, restores a balance, 

 for light is the agent which enables leaves to perform their functions 

 and their actions on the roots, and the parts receiving the greater 

 proportion of it acquire the most vigorous development. 



2. " The sap acts with greater force and 'produces more vigorous 

 growth on a branch or shoot pruned short, than on one pruned long. 

 This is easily explained. The sap acting on two buds must evidently 

 produce' a greater development of wood on them, than if it were 

 divided between fifteen or twenty buds. 



" It follows from this, that if we wish to obtain wood branches, 

 we prune short, for vigorous shoots produce few fruit buds. On the 

 contrary, if we wish to obtain fruit branches, we prune long, because 

 the most slender or feeble shoots are the most disposed to fruit. 



" Another application of this principle is to prune short for a year 

 or two, such trees or parts as have become enfeebled by overbear- 

 ing. (This principle deserves especial attention, as its application is 

 of great importance.) 



3. " The sap tending always to the extremities of the shoots causes 

 the terminal bud to push with greater vigor than the laterals. Ac- 

 cording to this principle, when we wish a prolongraent of a stem oi 



