60 THE APPLE. 



oinpt ; they are now, iKnYCYor, tliroiigh the groat amount of iniporta. 

 tions of tree - — 



t roublesome. 



tions of tree^ from the Ejistern States, becoming numerous and 



The Borer, {Saperda bivittata), is yet little known ; a few instances 

 only ot" its appearance West have been noticed. It is an insect that 

 should b'^ watched and checked on its first appearance. It is de- 

 structive, not only to the apple, but the quince, thorn, mountain ash, 

 Mitier equally. The pertect insect is a brown and white striped 

 beetle, about half an in^^h long, which. Hying at night, nuiy be de- 

 sti'oyed in the month of June by building bonfu-es in the orchard. 

 In its larviv state, in which it does its work of destruction, it is a 

 tleshy white grub, which enters the tree at t-hc collar, just at the sur- 

 face of the ground, girdling or perforating the wood to surh an ex- 

 tent as otten to cause death before its attack is noiiced, except by 

 t'le caret'ul observing orchardist ; the small round holes tVom which 

 dust is ejected indicate its presence. Some cut mit the worm with 

 a knite, others use a barbed wire, which is either thrust into the hole 

 and destrovs the worm, or on withdrawino; briuixs it out. Downms 

 advises as a preventive, washing the bodies of trees with the follow- 

 ing mixture : "one pint of sulphur, one gallon sot\. soap, and suffi- 

 cient tobacco water to reduce to the consistence of paint."* 



The Ciiicrpiiiar, {Clisiocampa AtncnctDm,) or common orchard 

 Caterpillar, has been long known as destructive of the toliage of 

 orchards. This, says lliomas, is hatched in spring as soon as the 

 leaf buds begin to open. xVt tliis time, it is ni»t the tenth of an ineli, 

 hnig, nor so large as a cambric needle, but it continues to increase 

 constantly hi size for several weeks, until two inches long, and' a 

 ouarter of an inch in diameter. It then spins a cocoon, and passes 

 to the pupa state. In the latter part of summer, it comes out a 

 yellowish brown miller, lays its eggs, and dies. The eggs are 

 deposited in cylinders or rings, containing three to five hundred each, 

 encircling the smaller branches, and usually within a few inches of 

 fhe oxtremity. They remain through winter, protected from the 

 weather by a vesicular water-proof varnish, and hatch in spring, 

 as. just stated. Each collection of eggs make^ a nest of caterpillars.'' 



A mode for their destruction, is to cut oti' the small branches 

 which hold the eggs, during autumn or winter, and burn them. Those 

 that escape this mode, may be destroyed in ^lay and June by 

 :;rtaching a sponge or round brush to a pole, and saturating the first 

 \\ ith spirits of ammonia, turn it around among their nests. For 

 this work, one hour in the morning early, is worth four at any other 

 time in the day. 



The Ciuder VTorm. [Anisoptervx })ometari(i.) This insect we 



