ITS CULTIVATION. 



239 



tive to autumn stopping or pruning, which is equally applicable here : 

 "When, however, the branches have grow^n for many weeks, and 

 j,re in the autumn begining to slacken in their power of lengthening, 

 theory says it is then right to stop the shoots by pinching off their 

 ends, because after that season newly formed leaves have little time 

 to do more than organize themselves, which must take place at the 

 expense of matter forming in the other leaves. Autumn-stopping 

 of the vine shoots is therefore advantageous ; for the leaves w^hich 

 remain after that operation will then direct all their energy to the 

 perfection of the grapes." 



Trellises made by setting posts well braced at either end of the 

 row, and running coarse wire through standards intermediate from 

 post to post, we have seen much practiced elsewhere than at Cincin- 

 nati, and with great success. The vines are trained horizontally as 

 represented in the accompanying figure. 



And when heat and full exposure to the sun's rays are desired, 

 we think it preferable to the mode previously described. 



For private gardens where ground is scarce, the vine should be 

 well supplied at its roots with liquids hereafter named, and permitted 

 to run or ramble upon lofty trellises. Spur pruning, which consists 

 in training the old or main stem, and yearly cutting back the late- 

 rals to two or three good buds, must here be pursued ; care should 

 be taken, however, not to cut back and preserve the same side 

 branches or spurs from year to year, lest by so doing they soon be- 

 come enfeebled, and the fruit ripens imperfectly ; but new side shoots 

 should be yearly selected of the strongest growth and cut back to 

 the two or three bearing buds, while that of last year's bearing is cut 

 away. 



Manures. — The analysis made by Prof. Emmons, of the common 

 wild grape vine is as follows 



