BY GRAFTING— TRAXSPLANTING. 263 



vent Injury from high winds or heavy snows, which frequently break 

 the tree, just at the insertion of the bud. 



Some bud upon the plum stock, for the purpose of dwarfing the 

 tree; and when ^o done the month of August is best. The exact 

 time cannot be stated, as seasons vary even in the same section of 

 country, but the watchful eye will soon learn to detect the period 

 when the young stock is about to form its terminal bud, and then is 

 generally the best time. If the bud is inserted too early in the sea- 

 son, on the Peach stock, it is liable to overgrow and "gum." 



Budding the Peach may also be performed in the month of June, 

 on trees of two or more years old. It is done in same manner as 

 that in common budding, except in selecting the buds, you select a 

 young shoot, of about one to two inches grown, and, cutting it back 

 to one or two leaves, you insert and tie as in the common mode. 



By Grafting. — This is rarely performed at the North, but may be 

 made tolerably successful if performed very early on trees standing in 

 warm, light soil. A strong, sharp knife or spade should first be used 

 around, cutting off all the roots of the tree, at about one foot from 

 the body of a tree four feet high — the tree headed back about one 

 half, and the lower limbs cut into about two buds each — the graft 

 inserted in the manner termed tongue or whip-grafting, tied with 

 soft bark, and covered with a ball of grafting-clay. When the graft 

 has made one foot growth, the ligature should be loosed, and the 

 lower limbs cut in smoothly to the body. Some cultivators in the 

 southern States graft into the crown of the root, and when the stocks 

 are small it is a good way ; but the cleft grafting mode is then best. 



Transplanting.— \u transplanting from the nursery to the orchard, 

 the limbs, or branches, should be shortened back to the form of a 

 pyramidal, rounded head, having the lower limbs within two feet of 

 the ground, and not exceeding one foot long. 'Ihe side roots should 

 only have their ends smoothed with a sharp knife, all broken or 

 bruised roots cut away, and the tap root cut off to within one foot 

 of the crown. 



Distances apart. — On light, sandy soils, twelve feet apart each 

 way is sufficient for the peach ; but on good strong soil, the trees re- 

 quire from eighteen to twenty-five feet, in order, when full grown, ^o 

 enable them to mature their fruit with full exposure to the sun. 



Soil and Situation. — The soil whereon to make plantations of the 

 peach is a matter of great import, as thereby hang the main chances 

 of success or failure. The following analysis, made by B. Kirtland, 

 Esq., of Poland, Ohio, from three esteemed varieties, viz.. Yellow 

 Rareripe, Morris Red Rareripe, and Morrisania, will be found ex- 

 tremely useful to every planter, as it is easy to get an analysis made 

 of soils, and from the two the planter will know at once which par 



