Book IV. TRANSFERRING DESIGNS TO IRREGULAR SURFACES. 375 



sions are too great for inscribing a circle of the full size with a line ; the obvious mode 

 is to form a small circle in the centre, and mark the figure on its circumference ; then 

 from the points where the sides intersect radii can be extended as far as required, and 



362 



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the length of one being found, the rest can be adjusted accordingly, and the plot thus 

 laid out of the required size. {Jig- 362.) 



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1924. Intricate and fanciful Jigures of parterres are most correctly transferred to 

 ground, as they are copied on paper, by covering the figure to be copied with squares 

 (fig. 363. a) formed by temporary lines intersecting each other at equal distances and right 

 angles, and by tracing on the ground similar squares, but much larger, according to the 

 scale (fig. 363. b). Sometimes the figure is drawn on paper in black, and the squares in 

 red, while the squares on the ground are formed as sawyers mark the intended path of 

 the saw before sawing up a log of timber ; that is, by stretching cords rubbed with 

 chalk, which, by being struck on the ground (previously made perfectly smooth), leave 

 white lines. With the plan in one hand and a pointed rod in the other, the design is 

 thus readily traced across these indications. The French and Italians lay out their 

 most curious parterres (fig- 364.) in this way. 



364 



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Subsect. 2. Transferring Figures and Designs to irregular Surfaces. 

 1 925. StaJci?ig or marking out plans on irregular surfaces constitutes the most difficult 

 part of practice, whether in arranging grounds in the country, or streets, or other 

 improvements in towns. These difficulties do not arise from the intricacy of the princi- 

 ples of action ; but from the variety of operations often requisite to overcome the obstruc- 



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