676 PRACTICE OF GARDENING. Part 111. 



smaller-fruited kinds do best trained to an upright pole or trellis. From time to time earth up the shanks 

 of the plants. As the runners extend five feet or more, peg down at a joint, and they will take root 

 Water copiously whenever warm weather without showers makes the ground arid." (Abercrombie.) 



Subsect. 3. Angelica. — Angelica Archangelica, L. (Fl. Dan. t. 206.) Pent. Dig. L. 

 Umbelliferce, J. Angelique, Fr. ; Engelwiirtz, Ger. ; and Angelica, Ital. 



4216. T/ie angelica is a biennial, a native of England, being sometimes found in 

 moist situations, and is also common in Lapland and Iceland. It was cultivated in 

 Britain in 1568, and probably more early. It rises from three to five feet high, with 

 very large pinnate leaves, the extreme leaflet three-lobed. The flowers are greenish, 

 and produced in September ; the roots long and thick, and they, as well as the whole 

 plant, are powerfully aromatic. Though the plant is only a biennial, it may be made 

 to continue several years, by cutting over the flower-stem before it ripens seed ; in which 

 case it immediately pushes out below. 



4217. Use. It was formerly cultivated on account of its leaf-stalks, which were 



blanched and eaten as celery : now they are used only when candied ; and the young and 



tender stalks are for this purpose collected in May. Sometimes also the seeds and leaves 



are used in medical preparations. 



4218. Propagation and culture. It delights in moist situations, or the banks of running water; but will 

 grow freely in any soil and exposure. The plants are raised from seed, and, for a bed four feet and a half 

 by six feet, sown in drills a foot apart, to be transplanted, half an ounce of seed will be requisite. " Sow 

 in August, or as soon as the seed is ripe, as the plants will come up earlier and stronger than from a sow- 

 ing in the spring. When the plants are advanced from four to six inches high, transplant them into rows 

 two feet apart. They will soon strike root, and advance quickly in strong growth. In the second year, 

 their strong erect branchy stalks will be several feet high, producing large umbels of seed, ripening in 

 autumn, which, as well as the leaves of the plant, are used in medicine. But, for candying, the young 

 shoots of the stems and stalks of the leaves are the useful parts : being cut, while green and tender, in 

 May and June, they are made by confectioners into the sweetmeat called Angelica. In the second year, 

 if seed is not wanted, cut the plants down in May, and the stool will send out side-shoots ; by repeating 

 this practice every year, the same plant may be long continued. Cuttings will also grow." (Abercrombie.) 



Subsect. 4. Anise. — Pimpinella Anisum, L. (Blackw. t. 374.) Pent. Trig. L. and 

 Umbelliferce, J. Anis, Fr. and Ger. ; and Anice, Ital. 



4219. The anise is an annual plant, a native of Egypt, and introduced to this coun- 

 try, according to Turner, in 1551. The lower leaves are divided into three lobes, deeply 

 cut on the edges ; the stem is a foot and a half high, dividing into several slender 

 branches; the umbels large and loose, on rather long peduncles ; the flowers are small, 

 of a yellowish-white, and appear from June to August. 



4220. Use. It is cultivated in Malta and Spain for its seeds, which are annually im- 

 ported as medicinal, and for distillation and expression. In this country, it is occasionally 

 grown in the garden to be used as a garnish, and for seasoning, like fennel. 



4221. Culture. The seeds require to be sown in April, in a warm border, in a dry light soil; or raised 

 in pots on heat, and removed to a warm site in May, where it will blossom and ripen seeds in August in 

 favorable seasons. It does not bear transplanting, but the plants, when too thick, are to be thinned out 

 to three or four inches' distance. 



Subsect. 5. Coriander. — Coriandrum sativum, L. (Eng. Pot. 67.) Pent. Dig. L. 

 and Umbelliferce, J. Coriandre, Fr. ; Coriander, Ger. ; and Coriandro, Ital. 



4222. The coriander is a hardy annual plant, originally introduced from the East, but 

 now naturalised in Essex, and other places, where it has long been cultivated for drug- 

 gists and confectioners. The plant rises about a foot high, with doubly pinnated leaves, 

 and produces an umbel of white flowers in June. The whole plant is highly aromatic. 



4223. Use. In private gardens, it is cultivated chiefly for the tender leaves, which are 



used in soups and salads. On a large scale, it is cultivated for the seed, which is used 



by confectioners, druggists, and distillers, in large quantities. 



4224. Culture. The plant delights in a sandy loam. It is raised from seeds, which may be sown in Fe- 

 bruary, when the weather is mild and dry ; and the quantity requisite for a bed four feet wide by six in 

 length, to be sown in rows, is half an ounce ; and when sown in drills, they may be nine inches apart, 

 and the seed buried half an inch. " Where a constant succession is required, small successive monthly 

 sowings will be necessary in spring and summer, as the plants in those seasons soon run to seed. There 

 should be also small sowings in August and September, to stand the winter under the defence of a frame. 

 The plants are to remain where sown." (Abercrombie.) 



Subsect. 6. Caraway. — ■ Carum carui, L. (Eng. Pot. 1503.) Pent. Trig. L. and 

 Umbelliferce, J. Carvi, Fr. ; Kiimmel, Ger. ; and Carvi, Ital. 



4225. The caraivay is a biennial plant, a native of England, being occasionally found 

 in meadows and pastures. It rises a foot and a half high, with spreading branches ; the 

 leaves are decompound ; the leaflets in sixes ; it produces umbels of white flowers in 

 June. 



4226. Use. The plant is cultivated chiefly for the seed, which is used in confectionary 

 and in medicine. In spring, the under leaves are sometimes put in soups ; and in former 

 times the fusiform roots were eaten as parsneps, to which Parkinson gives them the pre- 

 ference. In Essex, large quantities of the seed are annually raised for distillation with 

 spirituous liquors. 



