well broken with fine brown, and all 

 from the same breeder. 



Incomparable Verports ; very perfect 

 cups, cherry and rose, and white bot- 

 toms, well broken with shining brown. 



Byblomens, or next flowers, thejlayiiands 



of the French florists, with bottoms 

 white, or nearly so, from different 

 breeders, and broken witli variety of 

 colors. 

 Bi/arres (bizarre, Fr. odd, irregular) ; 

 ground yellow, from different breed- 

 ers, and broken with variety of colors. 



83 2 PRACTICE OF GARDENING. Part III. 



sentinels in his garden. This was between 1600 and 1621, when he lived at Rome, in 

 an ill aired and unwholesome habitation ; in which, however, he chose rather to continue 

 than abandon his favorite flowers. (Chalmers's Biog. Diet.) The taste for tulips in Eng- 

 land was at its greatest height about the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th cen- 

 tury ; about the year 1730 or 40, it had declined and given way to the taste for botany, 

 and new plants from America and other foreign countries. The tulip, however, is still 

 much cultivated both in Holland and England, near large towns, though in the latter 

 country there are now very few good collections in the private gardens of the higher classes. 

 Like the auricula and some other flowers, it is more the flower of the tradesman and oper- 

 ative manufacturer than of the botanist or man of fortune. 



6243 Varieties. Parkinson, in 1G29, enumerates 140 sorts: but " to tell of all the kinds," he says, 

 " which are the pride of delight, they are so manv, and as 1 may say almost infinite, doth both pass my 

 ability and, as I believe, the skill of anv others In Parkinson's time, tulips were divided into prcecoces, 

 or early blowers and serotince, or late blowers, with an intermediate division of dubicz media;, doubtful 

 or middle blowers, which, for the most part, however, belonged to the serotin<e. The early blowers have 

 short stems, and the Due Van Tholl is almost the only variety in repute among modern florists. The great 

 variety in the catalogues is produced from the late blowers, which have tall stems and much richer colors ; 

 of these the catalogue of Maddock in 1792 contained the names of 665 sorts. In Mason's catalogue for 

 1820 are six sorts of early tulips ; four of perroquets, or middle blowers ; 22 double sorts, and upwards of 

 600 single late sorts. The'Dutch florists class their late-blowing tulips as under : a variety will last an un- 

 known number of years. 



Prime baguets (Ixuniette, Fr. a rod or | well formed cups, with white bottoms 

 wand) ; very tall ; tine cups with white 

 bottoms, well broken with fine brown, 

 and all from the same breeder. 

 Baguets Rigaut's (supposed from Ri- 

 gaud, some eminent florist's name, or 

 roiigeaude, red-faced) ; not quite so tall, 

 but with strong stems, and' very large 

 ' 6244 The names of the different varieties, classed under these heads, being perfectly arbitrary, and con- 

 stantly changing, their insertion here could be of no use. (See the Annual Catalogues of Bulbous Roots, 

 published by the nurserymen and florists.) What are called breeders axe procured from seed, and consist 

 of one plain color on a white or yellow bottom. These being cultivated on a dry and rather poor soil be- 

 come broken or variegated, and produce new varieties. The time that elapses before they break varies 

 from one to twenty years or more, and sometimes this change never takes place, so that whoever thinKs 

 of raising new varieties of tulips from seed must be possessed of an ample fund of patience and persever- 

 ance. The early dwarf tulip, known among florists as the Van Tholl, is a distinct species, T. suaveolens. 

 Formerly there were several varieties of early dwarf kinds. 



6245 Criterion of a fine variegated late tulip. "The stem should be strong, elastic, and erect, and 

 about thirty inches above the surface of the bed. The flower should be large, and composed ot six petals : 

 these should proceed a little horizontally at first, and then turn upwards, torming almost a perfect cup, 

 with a round bottom, rather widest at the top. The three exterior petals should be rather larger than the 

 three inferior ones, and broader at their base : all the petals should have perfectly entire edges, tree irom 

 notch or serrature ; the top of each should be broad and well rounded ; the ground-color ot the flower, at 

 the bottom of the cup, should be clear white or yellow, and the various rich-colored stripes, which are the 

 principal ornament of a fine tulip should be regular, bold, and distinct, on the margin, and terminate m 

 fine broken points, elegantly feathered or pencilled. The centre of each leaf, or petal, should contain one 

 or more bold blotches, or stripes, intermixed with small portions of the original or breeder color, abruptly 

 broken into many irregular obtuse points. Some florists are of the opinion that the central stripes, or 

 blotches, do not contribute to the beauty and elegance of the tulip, unless confined to a narrow stripe, ex- 

 actly down the centre, and that they should be perfectly free from any remains of the original or breeder 

 color : it is certain that such appear very beautiful and delicate, especially when they have a regular nar- 

 row feathering at the edge ; but the greatest connoisseurs in this flower unanimously agree, that it denotes 

 superior merit, when the tulip abounds with rich coloring, distributed in a distinct and regular manner 

 throughout the flower, except in the bottom of the cup, which, it cannot be disputed, should be a clear, 

 bright white or yellow, free from stain or tinge, in order to constitute a perfect flower." 



6246. Propagation. By seed for new varieties, and by offsets for continuing approved sorts. 



6247. By seed. Select such breeders as have tall strong stems, with large well iormed cups, clear in the 

 bottom, and save seed from these in preference to the finest of the variegated or broken sorts, as the seed 

 of such sorts produces nothing but poor weak breeders of no value. " It should remain growing on the 

 stem till the pericarpium becomes of a brownish color, and begins to open; it is then sufficiently ripe, and 

 should be cut off, with six or eight inches of the stem, and treated afterwards, in all respects, agreeable to 

 the directions given for the management of hyacinth-seed. Some of the seedlings will bloom by the fourth 

 or fifth, and most, if not all, by the seventh year." . 



6248. By offsets. These should be planted soon after they are separated from the parent bulb, in beds ot 

 fresh sandy loam, with a little rotten cow-dung placed from seven to twelve niches below the surface, in a 

 dry airy situation, from two to four inches deep, according to the size of the roots. The beds should be 

 raised six or eight inches above the alleys, formed rather convex on the surface, and may be provided 

 with hoops and mats, to be used to guard 'them, as occasion may require, from heavy rams and severe frosts 



6249. Choice of full-grown bulbs. Select such as have not lost the brown skin, are not mouldy or soft at 

 the root end, and are 'full, solid, and rather pointed at the other. Just before planting, strip off the brown 

 skin so as to leave the root perfectly bare and white, performing the operation with great care, to avoid 

 bruising or wounding the root, especially at the lower end, where the fibres are formed, which is, at the 

 season of planting, extremely tender. . . , 



6250. Soil and situation. " The situation for the best bed should be in an open airy part ot the garcien ; 

 when that is fixed upon, the ground should be marked out, agreeable to its intended dimensions, and the 

 soil taken out twenty inches deep ; the bottom is then to be filled up with sound fresh earth, ten inches thick, 

 upon which is to be placed a stratum of two-year-old rotten cow-dung, and earth of the above description, 

 about one half of each, well mixed together, twelve inches thick ; and again, upon this is to be placed an- 

 other stratum of the same kind of earth as that of the bottom ; this is only to be two inches thick at the 

 sides, and three inches at the middle, which will give it a small degree of convexity ; this is to be per- 

 formed about the 20th of October, i. e. a week or two before planting, to give the bed time to settle ; at 

 the expiration of two weeks, the earth will have subsided, so as to be about two inches higher than the cir- 

 cumjacent paths ; but if heavy rains intervene between this preparation of the bed, and the time ot plant- 

 ing, it will be proper to keep them off, in order to preserve the temperature of the earth, as it would be 

 rendered too compact and adhesive, by a redundancy of moisture for the fibres to pass freely through it, 

 which ought to be avoided." Hogg recommends a fresh, rich, loamy soil, of rather a sandy nature, which 

 should be dug twelve months at least before it is used, and a small portion of well routed dung must be 

 added. He says, an intelligent old tulip-grower assured him, that the best compost he had ever hit on 

 " was three fourths rich yellow loam ; one fourth leaf-mould j one sixth two-year-old horse-dung ; and 



