S02 PRACTICE OF GARDENING. Part III. 



SuBstc-T. 4. Shrubs for planting by the Sides of Pieces of Water, or hi Marshy Gromids, 



and among Rocks. 



6580. Besides aquatic shrubs, most of the peat-earth species are also suitable for planting in marshy 



situations. 



Deciduous. A lnus pumila, Betula nana, I Myrica cerifera, and gale, Salix, most I Evergreens. Arbutus unedo, Ledum 

 Dumila. andsibirica, Dirca palustris, of the species. palustre, Pmus palustris, Salix reti- 



culata. 



6581. Of mountain or rock shrubs the following are some of the most hardy : — 



Deciduous. Atraphaxis alpina, Daphne 

 alpina, Genista decumbens, Lonicera. 

 aloigena, Ononis firuticosa, Potentilla 

 fruticosa, Rhamnus saxatilis, Rho- 

 dodendron dauricuin, Ribes alpinum, 



Rosa alpina, spinosissima, Rubus cae- 

 • sius, corylifolius hispidus, Spartium 



angulatum. 

 Evergreens. Arbutus alpina, Azalea 



procumbens, Daphne collina, Empe- | nana. 



trum nigrum, Erica, all the hardy species, 

 Cistus, all' the species, Gaultheria pro- 

 cumbens, Juniperus communis, Ros- 

 marinus officinalis, Ulex europaeus, 



Subsect. 5. Shrubs for forming Edgings and Hedges in Gardens. 

 6582. Of shrubs for edgings few are comparable to the box (Bums sempervirens var. nana); but some 

 others may be occasionally used, as the 



Andromeda nolifolia. Arbutus alpina I rious species of Erica, especially herbacea, I dula spiea, Sedum buxifolium, and even 

 ana uva-urs^Empetrum nigrum, va- | tetralix, vulgaris (Calluna, W.), Laven- | Ulex nanus. 



6583 Hedge plants. The following are a few of the numerous plants which may be used as hedges for 

 shelter in gardens ; almost all the free-growing sorts may be planted in rows, and cut in the hedge form ; 

 but the following sorts will form compact evergreen shelters : — 



Buxus semperrirens, Juniperus com- 1 trum vulgare, semperrirens. Olea (Wild.) I Taxus baccata, Thuja occidental and 

 munis Ulex europaus var. hibemiae, angustifolia, latifolia, and media, Rham- orientals, Viburnum tinus, Prunus lau- 

 Ilex aquifolium, Laurus nobilis, Ligus- | nus alaternus, Rosmarinus officinalis, | rocerasus. 



The creeping shrubs may be formed into hedges by training on frame-work. 



6584. Flowering hedges may be formed of the following deciduous sorts : — 



Rosa various species, Coronilla emerus, I Philadelphus coronarius, Pyrus japonica, 1 Spiwsa rrypericifolia, Syringa persica, 

 Daprmemezereum, Hibiscus syriacus, | Robinialhispida, Spartium muluflorum, | vulgaris, hybnda, or varin, &c. 



Subsect. 6. Shrubs whose Flowers or Leaves have volatile Odors, and diffuse them in the 



surrounding Air. 



6585. Of shrubs whose odors are volatile only a few have this quality in the leaves as well as the 

 flower ; these are marked leav. : — 



Deciduous. Azalea most of the species, 

 Betula sibirica, leav. Daphne me- 

 zereum, Rosa rubiginosa, leav. 

 Salix most of the species, but espe- 



cially S. viminalis, alba, Syringa vul- 

 garis. 

 Evergreens. Lavandula spica, Rosma- 

 rinus officinalis. 



Climbers. Clematis flamula, Jasminum 

 officinale, Lonicera caprifolium, peri- 

 clymenum. 



Subsect. 1. Shrubs ornamental by their Fruit as well as Flowers. 

 6586. Ornamental fruit-bearing sJirubs are also serviceable as encouraging singing-birds to resort to the 

 shrubbery. 



spinosa, Linn:} ; it is profusely covered I trum nigrum, Euonymus americanus 



Deciduous. Berberis vulgaris, Ligustrum 

 vulgare, Ribes alpinum, cynosbati, 

 Rosa spinosissima, et villosa, Sorbus 

 americana, et lanuginosa, most of the 

 species of Vaccinium, Lonicera, Vi- 

 burnum, and all the species of Com us, 

 Euonvmus, Mespilus, Prunus, Pyrus, 

 and Sambucus. Few shrubs are more 

 ornamental than the sloe (Prunus 



with odoriferous white flowers early I Ilex aquifolium, Juniperus communis, 



in April, and with dark-purple fruit I and suecia, Mespilus japonica, pyra- 



with a fine bloom, from September to cantha, Prunus all the species, Taxus 



February. It is much cultivated in baccata, Vaccinium all the species, 



Japan (464.), where its flowers attain j Hedera helix. 



the size of a double rose. 1 Climbers and Creepers. Lonicera all the 



Evergreens. Arbutus unedo, alpina, and | species. Rosa canina, Vitis vul- 



uva-ursi, Comus canadensis, Empe- | pina. 



Subsect. 8. Selections of Shrubs for botanical or economical Purposes, parasitic Trees, 

 and Shrubs for a small Shrubbery. 

 6587. Selections of shrubs may be arranged in innumerable modes, as well as herba- 

 ceous plants; as, according to soil, climate, habitation, country, rarity, place in bo- 

 tanical systems, uses in agriculture, or the arts, &c. No gardener can make any selec- 

 tion who does not know by inspection the actual plants, and their habits, culture, and 

 history ; to him it is needless to repeat the sources to which he may have recourse for 

 forming any classification whatever. 



6588. A selection for botanical purposes will necessarily include parasitic plants, of which the only hardy 

 genus is viscu?n. this is propagated in February by sticking the berries, which are viscid when bruised, 

 in a slit like that made in budding, on the smooth bark of the apple, pear, thorn, or almost any tree. 

 If these are not washed away by rain, or otherwise rubbed off, they will germinate in the following sum- 

 mer. To make sure of their not falling off, some bore a hole in the bark and insert the seed ; or cut a 

 notch in it, or make a slit : the last seems the best mode, and has been successfully adopted by Professor 

 Thouin in the Paris garden, and extensively by Watts, a nurseryman at Acton, on most sorts of trees. 

 Some, as Professor Walker {Essays on Nat. Hist.), on the supposition that the seeds will not vegetate till 

 they have passed through the stomach of a bird, recommend causing fowls to eat the seeds, and then 

 sowing them. But this is found not to answer, for though the digestive powers of the stomach do not 

 destroy the vegetative power of seeds which pass rapidly through it, yet in most cases it does. The mistle- 

 toe in nature is propagated by the mistletoe-thrush {Turdus viscivorus), but not, as is generally supposed, 

 by means of its excrement. This bird feeds on the berries of the misletoe in winter. These, from their 

 viscosity, often stick to the outer part of the bird's beak, and to disengage them he strikes it against the 

 branch of the tree on which he alights, and leaves the seed sticking to the bark ; if this should chance to 

 be a smooth part, the seed will adhere to it, and the succeeding spring will grow, the radicle piercing the 

 bark, and the plume unfolding itself in the air. The viscum grows best on the pyrus and mespilus tribes, 

 but it will also grow on the ash, poplar, lime, oak, fir, &c, on which trees we have observed it in abund- 

 ance in Germany. In the pine-forests, near Magdebourg, it is most abundant on pinus sylvestns. 



