Book III. CULTURE OF A TREE-NURSERY. 979 



hurdles, or other means, from the mid-day sun. The distance is the same as for haws ; 

 they should be rolled, or beat in, and covered not more than half an inch. If previously 

 rotted for two years, they will all come up the following May ; but if only one year in 

 the rotting-bed, a part will not come up till the second year : in this case they should be 

 sown thiii) as the growing plants will impede the others in breaking through the soil. 

 Mountain ash seeds require a fine and rather rich soil ; the seeds should not lie nearer 

 than an inch, and the covering should be only a quarter of an inch. The gean should 

 be sown, as soon as gathered, in deep sandy loam, the pulp being previously bruised ; it 

 need not be very rich, but must be dug deep before sowing : place the seeds an inch 

 apart, and cover three quarters of an inch thick. Gean-stones, which have been preserved 

 in the rotting-ground for spring sowing, will not come up regularly the summer follow- 

 ing, but a part will lie till the second spring. The advantage of sowing as soon as ga- 

 thered, is therefore obvious. Great care should be taken not to sow the cherry for the 

 gean, as the former is not nearly so well calculated for a timber-tree. The seeds of the 

 common and Portugal laurel, laurel-bay, mezereon, spurge-laurel, phillyrea, and the 

 like, should be sown as soon as gathered, in rich soft soil, on a dry bottom : the seeds 

 should be an inch apart, and be covered an inch. During the severest weather of win- 

 ter, it will be advisable to protect them by hoops and mats. The seeds of the service, 

 buckthorn, bird-cherry, and other species of prunus, rhamnus, and mespilus, may be 

 treated like those of the laurel, but will not at all require so deep a covering, nor will any 

 of them require protection in winter. 



7014. Transplanting. What has been advanced on transplanting plants from nuts, 

 keys, &c. will apply here. Most of these species being smaller, will not require so great 

 distances between the rows and plants. All the deciduous sorts may be transplanted in 

 February or early in March ; and all the evergreen species from the middle of April to 

 the middle of May, and during the month of August. The greatest care will be requi- 

 site in lifting evergreens from the seed-bed, where they have been already once moved, 

 so as not to injure their fibres ; and on no account should more be taken up at a time 

 than what can be planted the same day. Select for them the soils most suitable to their 

 natures (6974.), as far as the limits of the nursery will permit; and in general, rather 

 prefer a shady situation, especially for the holly, yew, and all the laurels. Hollies hav- 

 ing few fibrous roots should be frequently transplanted ; but this is not necessary with the 

 yew, which has fibres in greater quantity. In transplanting the deciduous sorts, prefer 

 narrow spaces between the lines, and wider intervals in the rows, to wide rows, and 

 plants crowded in the row. One year's seedling thorns, for instance, to be nursed one 

 year, may stand nine or ten inches by two inches ; if for two years, twelve or fourteen 

 inches by three or three and a half inches. 



7015. For pruning, culture, and lifting for final planting, see nut-bearing trees, &c 

 (7004.) 



Sect. IV. Trees and Shrubs bearing Berries and Capsules with small Seeds. 



7016. The principal hardy berry and capside bearing trees are the following : — 



Tilia europaea, November 



Pyrus communis, October 



— mains, October. 



Shrubs. 

 Berberis vulgaris, September 

 Buxus sempervirens, September 



Cornus mascula, October 



— virginiana, October 

 Sambucus nigra, September 



— racemosa, September 



— canadensis, September 

 Lonicera, various species, August 

 Jasminum fruticans, October 



Ligustrum vulgare, October 

 Euonymus latifolius, November 



— europaeus, November 

 Viburnum lantana, September 



— opulus, October 

 Ribes grossularioides, September. 



7017. Gathering and keeping. As this class of seeds are only wanted in small quan- 

 tities, the most convenient way of preserving them is in the seed-loft or root-cellar in dry 

 sand. They should be frequently turned over to separate the seeds from the pulp and 

 husks, and cleaned by sifting and fanning early in February. For sending to a distance, 

 they are to be treated like berried stones ; or they may be separated and cleaned previ- 

 ously to deportation. 



7018. Sowing. All of them require a soft and rather moist soil, with the exception of 

 the box, which should have a soil rather sandy and dry. They may be sown in Febru- 

 ary, in beds, and covered not more than a quarter of an inch ; and when the seeds first 

 begin to vegetate, it will be an advantage to shade them from the sun, by wattled hur- 

 dles ; place them across beds which lie north and south, and along those lying in a di- 

 rection east and west. 



7019. Their ti-ansplanting and future culture are the same as for the foreign division. 



Sect. V. Trees and Shrubs bearing leguminous Seeds, their Solving and Rearing. 



7020. The principal hardy leguminous trees are as follow : — 



Cytisus alpinus, October 

 Robinia pseud-acacia, November. 



Shrubs. 

 Robinia caragana, November 



Colutea arborescens, October I Cytisus nigricans, September 



— cruenta, October — sessilifolius, October 



— pocockii, November I — austrtacus, September 

 media, October — tomentosus, September 



Coronilla emerus, October — laburnum, October. 



7021. Gathering and keeping. These being collected are to be dried thoroughly in an 



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